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Content of Potentially Toxic Elements (Ptes) in Coffee and Coffee-Based Products: A Meta-Analysis Study, Systematic Review, and Health Risk Assessment Publisher Pubmed



Rahimi A1 ; Talebighane E2 ; Heshmati A3 ; Ranjbar A3 ; Mehri F3
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Food Sciences and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institutes, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and food Technology Shahid Beheshti, University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Biostatistics, Modeling of Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
  3. 3. Nutrition Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran

Source: Drug and Chemical Toxicology Published:2024


Abstract

Coffee is the most popular beverage after water in the world, which has an important role in health as a result of various minerals and vitamins but it may be pollution source of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) that can threate the health. Thus, the current study intended to detect the level of PTEs such as Cadmium (Cd), Copper (Cu), Lead (Pb), Nickel (Ni), Znc (Zn) and Iron (Fe), in various coffee and coffee-based products (powder, ground, processed, infusion and bean). Considering the databases of Scopus, Google scholar, PubMed, and Web of Science, the concentration of PTEs in coffee and coffee-based products was retrieved and meta-analyzed. Additionally, the non-carcinogenic risks in terms of total hazard quotient (TTHQ) were assessed using Monte Carlo simulated (MCS) model. According to the findings of 23 articles, the ranking of metal concentration in different coffees was Fe > Zn > Cu> Ni > Pb > Cd in powder, Fe > Cu > Zn> Ni in ground, Fe > Zn > Ni> Cu> Pb > Cd in processed and infusion and Fe > Zn > Ni> Cs > Pb in bean. Moreover, based on WHO regions, the highest concentrations of Cd and Pb (0.742 mg/kg) were related to the South-East Asia Region (SEARO) and European region (EURO) respectively. However, the highest concentrations of Fe (81.161 mg/kg), Zn (33.392 mg/kg), Cu (9.408 mg/kg), and Ni (18.064 mg/kg) were related to Pan American health organization (PAHO), PAHO, PAHO and Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMRO), respectively. On the other hand, the risk pattern was different in different countries. Moreover, consumers in some countries were not at significant non-carcinogenic risks because of ingestion of PTEs via coffee and consumption of coffee-based products. © 2023 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
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