Evaluation and Prevalence of Associated Anomalies in Children With Anorectal Malformations at a Tertiary Referral Center Publisher Pubmed



Maadani M ; Ashjaei B ; Raji H ; Bahroudi M ; Moghtaderi M
Source: BMC Surgery Published:2026

Abstract

Background: Anorectal malformations (ARMs) comprise a spectrum of congenital anomalies frequently associated with multisystem congenital defects. Early recognition of associated anomalies is essential for appropriate surgical planning and long-term management. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of associated anomalies with ARMs in the Children’s Tertiary Center. Materials and methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study included all children diagnosed with ARM who were admitted to the Children’s Medical Center Hospital between 2020 and 2022. Associated anomalies were categorized by organ system and by syndromic patterns, including VACTERL association. Data were extracted from medical records. Descriptive statistics were used, and associations with sex and gestational age were analyzed using Chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests. Results: Fifty-seven children with ARM were included (52.6% male). Associated anomalies were detected in 73.7% of patients. The most common associated anomalies involved the cardiovascular (52.6%), genitourinary (36.8%), and vertebral (24.6%) systems. No significant association was found between gestational age and the prevalence of anomalies. Female sex was associated with a higher prevalence of cardiac anomalies. Conclusion: Associated anomalies are highly prevalent in children with ARM, particularly affecting the cardiovascular, genitourinary, and vertebral systems. Systematic screening and multidisciplinary management are essential to reduce morbidity and improve long-term outcomes. © The Author(s) 2026.