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Prenatal Risk Factors and Genetic Causes of Adhd in Children Publisher Pubmed



Kian N1, 2, 3 ; Samieefar N1, 2, 3 ; Rezaei N2, 4
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Network of Interdisciplinarity in Neonates and Infants (NINI), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. USERN Office, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  4. 4. Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Source: World Journal of Pediatrics Published:2022


Abstract

Background: Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common disease among children; it affected 5–7% of the population in 2015. ADHD is a multifactorial disease, and its etiology is still not clearly understood. Data Sources: This narrative review has been done by searching the PubMed and Embase databases using attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, ADHD, risk factors; genetics; pediatrics; psychiatrics as keywords. Results: ADHD is considered to be a hereditary disorder in which genes play the fundamental role in the pathogenesis; however, findings from genetic–environmental studies support the hypothesis that genetic factors can exert effects on an individual’s condition by determining his/her responses to environmental exposures, especially those during the prenatal stage. Conclusion: ADHD is considered as a hereditary disorder in which genes and prenatal risk factors play fundamental roles in the pathogenesis. © 2022, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine.
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