Overcoming the Challenges of Conventional Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction: Analysis of Thms in Chlorinated Swimming Pools Publisher Pubmed



Faraji H¹ ; Helalizadeh M² ; Kordi MR³ Show Affiliations
Source: Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Published:2018

Abstract

A rapid, simple, and sensitive approach to the analysis of trihalomethanes (THMs) in swimming pool water samples has been developed. The main goal of this study was to overcome or to improve the shortcomings of conventional dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) and to maximize the realization of green analytical chemistry principles. The method involves a simple vortex-assisted microextraction step, in the absence of the dispersive solvent, followed by salting-out effect for the elimination of the centrifugation step. A bell-shaped device and a solidifiable solvent were used to simplify the extraction solvent collection after phase separation. Optimization of the independent variables was performed by using chemometric methods in three steps. The method was statistically validated based on authentic guidance documents. The completion time for extraction was less than 8 min, and the limits of detection were in the range between 4 and 72 ng L–1. Using this method, good linearity and precision were achieved. The results of THMs determination in different real samples showed that in some cases the concentration of total THMs was more than threshold values of THMs determined by accredited healthcare organizations. This method indicated satisfactory analytical figures of merit. [Figure not available: see fulltext.]. © 2017, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.