Anti-Biofilm Efficacy of a Salep Mucilage–Based Pad Containing Nanoethosomal Allium Jesdianum Essential Oil Boiss. for Controlling Healthcare-Associated Infections Publisher



Ekrami M ; Ekrami A ; Roshanidehlaghi N ; Mobahi N ; Emamdiomeh Z ; Salehi M ; Ovissipour R ; Kalbasiashtari A
Source: BioNanoScience Published:2025

Abstract

In this study, nanoethosomes (NEth) solution was made with a mixture of lecithin and ethanol at specific methods and conditions. Then essential oil of Allium jesdianum (AJEO) was obtained and combined with the NEth solution to prepare NEth- AJEO suspension containing lecithin. Next particle size, zeta potential, encapsulation properties, scanning electron microscope, and thermodynamic stability of resulting NEth- AJEO were determined. The NEth-AJEO suspension showed remarkable thermodynamic stability when its NEth solution had enough lecithin (5% w/v) and AJEO (500 µg/mL) in diluted ethanol (35% v/v). Later electrospinning apparatus was employed to make anti-biofilm pad. In this process, the NEth- AJEO suspension was coated with a mixture of Salep mucilage and polyvinylalcohol (SAMU–PVA) as a shell. The resulting pad was tested against both reference and clinical strains of Acinetobacter baumannii. This prevalent pathogenic is responsible for community-acquired and healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). AJEO solution at a concentration of 50 µg/mL reduced the viability of A375 melanoma cells and HSF normal fibroblast cells to approximately 70%. At 500 µg/mL, a more pronounced cell-line reduction was observed, indicating a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect. Structural evaluation based on Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the attachment of NEth-AJEO suspension in the anti-biofilm pad structure. The release-behavior rate of AJEO (attached with the anti-biofilm pad) demonstrated that it could be controlled without temperature dependence. The final pad (containing 10%wt. NEth-AJEO) showed significant mechanical properties and exhibited robust anti-biofilm activity, effectively impacting both the growth and metabolic viability of Acinetobacter baumannii strains. Air–liquid interface biofilm formation revealed a notable decrease in both film thickness and surface coverage following treatment with the anti-biofilm pad. While the NEth-AJeo showed high potential to be used as the cytotoxic agent on skin cancer cell lines, the prepared pad had anti-biofilm properties and underscored its therapeutic potential, which is against HAIs. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.