Hepatocellular Cancer in Iran Publisher



Malekzadeh R¹ ; Poustchi H¹ Show Affiliations
Source: Liver Cancer in the Middle East Published:2021

Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer and is the sixth most common cancer, the fourth most common cause of cancer-related death in the world (Akinyemiju T, et al. JAMA Oncol. 3(12):1683-1691, 2017), and the 29th global cause of disability in the elderly in 2019 (Lancet 396(10258):1204-1222, 2020). In this chapter, we are going to look into HCC incidence, etiology, diagnosis, screening, and treatment in Middle Eastern countries with special scope in Iran. The incidence has been changed over the years and keeps rising worldwide. Egypt has the highest rate of incidence among Middle Eastern countries; however, the mortality to incidence ratio in Middle Eastern countries is relatively similar, suggesting homogenous care in the area. Hepatitis B and C are the most common viruses leading to HCC. But, in countries that are more urbanized than the others, HCC due to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prominent concern. All in all, Middle Eastern countries share similar etiology and burden of HCC, and although the health system and lifestyle are different among them, novel findings and creativity in HCC management can benefit all the residents regardless of the borders. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021. All rights reserved.