Machine Learning-Based Prediction of Vesicoureteral Reflux Outcomes in Infants Under Antibiotic Prophylaxis

Machine Learning-Based Prediction of Vesicoureteral Reflux Outcomes in Infants Under Antibiotic Prophylaxis Publisher Pubmed

Tafazoli N^{1, 2} ; Kamran H^{1, 3} ; Bazargani R⁴ ; Samaei M⁵ ; Naseri M⁶ ; Kajbafzadeh AM¹

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1. Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Gene, Cell and Tissue Research Institute, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 1419733151, No.62, Dr. Gharib’s Street, Keshavarz Boulevard, Tehran, Iran
2. Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
3. School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
4. Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
5. Department of Emergency Medicine, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
6. Pediatric Nephrology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

Source: Scientific Reports Published:2025

Abstract

We aimed to investigate the independent outcome predictors of continuous antibiotic prophylaxis (CAP) in vesicoureteral reflux, train a model to predict the outcome, and evaluate which infants should be referred for endoscopic vesicoureteral reflux correction in their first visits. A total of 225 infants ≤ 2 years of age with a diagnosis of vesicoureteral reflux between 2009 and 2022 were recruited; 115 patients from a pediatric nephrology clinic received CAP, and 110 patients from a pediatric urology department underwent endoscopic injection of dextranomer/hyaluronic acid copolymer. In the multivariable analysis, only renal scarring and bladder dysfunction were significantly associated with post-treatment febrile urinary tract infections and/or renal scarring and vesicoureteral reflux persistence, respectively, in children who received CAP. The machine learning modeling showed that for both febrile urinary tract infections and/or renal scarring and vesicoureteral reflux persistence, the random forest was the best fit. On the other hand, we observed that the success rates of endoscopic injection among the patients with renal scarring and bladder dysfunction were acceptable. In conclusion, renal scarring and bladder dysfunction were predictors of vesicoureteral reflux outcomes when the infant was receiving CAP. Therefore, referring these patients to a urologist is advised during their first visits as they benefit from endoscopic injection. © The Author(s) 2025.

Style	Citing Format
MLA	Tafazoli N, et al.. "Machine Learning-Based Prediction of Vesicoureteral Reflux Outcomes in Infants Under Antibiotic Prophylaxis." Scientific Reports, vol. 15, no. 1, 2025, pp. -.
APA	Tafazoli N, Kamran H, Bazargani R, Samaei M, Naseri M, Kajbafzadeh AM (2025). Machine Learning-Based Prediction of Vesicoureteral Reflux Outcomes in Infants Under Antibiotic Prophylaxis. Scientific Reports, 15(1), -.
Chicago	Tafazoli N, Kamran H, Bazargani R, Samaei M, Naseri M, Kajbafzadeh AM. "Machine Learning-Based Prediction of Vesicoureteral Reflux Outcomes in Infants Under Antibiotic Prophylaxis." Scientific Reports 15, no. 1 (2025): -.
Harvard	Tafazoli N et al. (2025) 'Machine Learning-Based Prediction of Vesicoureteral Reflux Outcomes in Infants Under Antibiotic Prophylaxis', Scientific Reports, 15(1), pp. -.
Vancouver	Tafazoli N, Kamran H, Bazargani R, Samaei M, Naseri M, Kajbafzadeh AM. Machine Learning-Based Prediction of Vesicoureteral Reflux Outcomes in Infants Under Antibiotic Prophylaxis. Scientific Reports. 2025;15(1):-.
BibTex	@article{ author = {Tafazoli N and Kamran H and Bazargani R and Samaei M and Naseri M and Kajbafzadeh AM}, title = {Machine Learning-Based Prediction of Vesicoureteral Reflux Outcomes in Infants Under Antibiotic Prophylaxis}, journal = {Scientific Reports}, volume = {15}, number = {1}, pages = {-}, year = {2025} }
RIS	TY - JOUR AU - Tafazoli N AU - Kamran H AU - Bazargani R AU - Samaei M AU - Naseri M AU - Kajbafzadeh AM TI - Machine Learning-Based Prediction of Vesicoureteral Reflux Outcomes in Infants Under Antibiotic Prophylaxis JO - Scientific Reports VL - 15 IS - 1 SP - EP - PY - 2025 ER -

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Abstract