Effective Protection Methods Against Covid-19: An Umbrella Review; روشهای مؤثر پیشگیری از انتقال بیماری کووید 19: مرور چتری Publisher



Azar NS ; Aalaa M ; Asadzandi S ; Habibi H ; Sanjari M ; Malgard S
Source: Journal of Health Administration Published:2025

Abstract

Introduction: Glass ceiling beliefs, namely denial, resilience, acceptance, and resignation, can influence women’s career success, career path choices, and persistence behaviors in organizations. This study aimed to determine the relationship between these beliefs and career success among women graduated in healthcare management at university medical centers in Tehran. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study involved 149 women with degrees in healthcare management in 2023. Participants were selected based on predefined criteria using a convenience sampling method. Data were collected using questionnaires on demographic characteristics, Smith’s glass ceiling beliefs, and career success developed by Gattiker and Larwood. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 27, applying descriptive and inferential statistics at a significance level of 0.05. Results: The mean score for glass ceiling beliefs among participants was 4.78±0.54. The scores for dimensions were as follows: resilience (5.81±0.70), resignation (4.67±1.18), acceptance (4.41±1), and denial (3.92±0.86). The mean score for career success was 3.15±0.65. The scores for subscales were as follow: interpersonal success (3.98±0.61), occupational success (3.26±0.73), hierarchical success (2.57±1), and financial success (2.49±0.97). Beliefs of denial (p<0.001) and resilience (p<0.001) showed a positive statistical correlation with career success, while no statistical correlation between was found between acceptance (p=0.899) and resignation (p=0.358) beliefs and career success. Conclusion: Healthcare managers can enhance the likelihood of career success among female employees by fostering optimistic glass ceiling thoughts (denial and resilience). This can foster positive attitudes toward promotion and minimize pessimistic thoughts (resignation and acceptance) to overcome glass ceiling barriers and achieve career success. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.