Individuals With Major Depressive Disorder Report High Scores of Insecure‐Avoidant and Insecure‐Anxious Attachment Styles, Dissociative Identity Symptoms and Adult Traumatic Events

Individuals With Major Depressive Disorder Report High Scores of Insecure‐Avoidant and Insecure‐Anxious Attachment Styles, Dissociative Identity Symptoms and Adult Traumatic Events Publisher

Golshani S¹ ; Najafpour A² ; Hashemian SS³ ; Goudarzi N⁴ ; Firoozabadi A⁵ ; Ghezelbash MS¹ ; Hookari S⁶ ; Firoozabadi K⁷ ; Dursteler KM^{8, 9} ; Bruhl AB¹⁰ ; Alikhani M¹ ; Sadeghibahmani D^{6, 10, 11, 12} ; Brand S^{6, 10, 12, 13, 14}

Show Affiliations

1. Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, 6719851115, Iran
2. Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, 6714869914, Iran
3. Department of Psychology, Allameh Tabatabaâ€™i University, Tehran, 1489684511, Iran
4. Department of Psychiatry, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1411718541, Iran
5. Research Center for Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, Hafez Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, 7134814336, Iran
6. Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, 6714869914, Iran
7. UCL Medical School, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
8. Division of Substance Use Disorders, Psychiatric Clinics, University of Basel, Basel, 4002, Switzerland
9. Center for Addictive Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, 8001, Switzerland
10. Center for Affectiveâ€�, Stressâ€� and Sleep Disorders (ZASS), Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, 4002, Switzerland
11. Faculty of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, 94305, CA, United States
12. Sleep Disturbances Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, 6719851115, Iran
13. Department of Sport, Exercise, and Health, Division of Sport Science and Psychosocial Health, University of Basel, Basel, 4052, Switzerland
14. Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417466191, Iran

Source: Healthcare (Switzerland) Published:2021

Abstract

Objective: Individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) report more issues in social interaction compared to the general population. Moreover, dimensions of dissociation are considered dysfunctional strategies to cope with adverse life events. In this regard, current symptoms of MDD could be associated with traumatic events that occurred in childhood and in adult life. Given this background, the aim of the present study was to explore the associations between attachment styles as a proxy of quality of social interaction, dimensions of dissociation, and childhood and adult traumatic life events among individuals with MDD. Method: A total of 300 individuals with MDD (mean age: 31.31 years; 58.7% female) took part in this study. They completed a series of questionnaires on sociodemographic information, attachment styles, dimensions of dissociation, and childhood and adult traumatic life events. Results: Prevalence rates for attachment styles were as follows: anxious/ambivalent attachment style—71.7%; avoidant/dependent attachment style—13%; secure/close attachment style—15.3%. Compared to the general population, the participants reported higher prevalence rates of insecure attachment styles. Current symptoms of dissociation were associated with adult but not childhood traumatic life events. An anxious attachment style was associated with higher scores of dissociation. Conclusion: Psychotherapeutic treatment of individuals with MDD should consider the individuals’ challenging attachment styles and their risk of dissociation. While it is important to consider both adult and childhood traumatic events, in this research, more recent trauma occurring in adulthood was associated with current symptoms of dissociation. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

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Style	Citing Format
MLA	Golshani S, et al.. "Individuals With Major Depressive Disorder Report High Scores of Insecure‐Avoidant and Insecure‐Anxious Attachment Styles, Dissociative Identity Symptoms and Adult Traumatic Events." Healthcare (Switzerland), vol. 9, no. 9, 2021, pp. -.
APA	Golshani S, Najafpour A, Hashemian SS, Goudarzi N, Firoozabadi A, Ghezelbash MS, Hookari S, Firoozabadi K, Dursteler KM, Bruhl AB, Alikhani M, Sadeghibahmani D, Brand S (2021). Individuals With Major Depressive Disorder Report High Scores of Insecure‐Avoidant and Insecure‐Anxious Attachment Styles, Dissociative Identity Symptoms and Adult Traumatic Events. Healthcare (Switzerland), 9(9), -.
Chicago	Golshani S, Najafpour A, Hashemian SS, Goudarzi N, Firoozabadi A, Ghezelbash MS, Hookari S, et al.. "Individuals With Major Depressive Disorder Report High Scores of Insecure‐Avoidant and Insecure‐Anxious Attachment Styles, Dissociative Identity Symptoms and Adult Traumatic Events." Healthcare (Switzerland) 9, no. 9 (2021): -.
Harvard	Golshani S et al. (2021) 'Individuals With Major Depressive Disorder Report High Scores of Insecure‐Avoidant and Insecure‐Anxious Attachment Styles, Dissociative Identity Symptoms and Adult Traumatic Events', Healthcare (Switzerland), 9(9), pp. -.
Vancouver	Golshani S, Najafpour A, Hashemian SS, Goudarzi N, Firoozabadi A, Ghezelbash MS, et al.. Individuals With Major Depressive Disorder Report High Scores of Insecure‐Avoidant and Insecure‐Anxious Attachment Styles, Dissociative Identity Symptoms and Adult Traumatic Events. Healthcare (Switzerland). 2021;9(9):-.
BibTex	@article{ author = {Golshani S and Najafpour A and Hashemian SS and Goudarzi N and Firoozabadi A and Ghezelbash MS and Hookari S and Firoozabadi K and Dursteler KM and Bruhl AB and Alikhani M and Sadeghibahmani D and Brand S}, title = {Individuals With Major Depressive Disorder Report High Scores of Insecure‐Avoidant and Insecure‐Anxious Attachment Styles, Dissociative Identity Symptoms and Adult Traumatic Events}, journal = {Healthcare (Switzerland)}, volume = {9}, number = {9}, pages = {-}, year = {2021} }
RIS	TY - JOUR AU - Golshani S AU - Najafpour A AU - Hashemian SS AU - Goudarzi N AU - Firoozabadi A AU - Ghezelbash MS AU - Hookari S AU - Firoozabadi K AU - Dursteler KM AU - Bruhl AB AU - Alikhani M AU - Sadeghibahmani D AU - Brand S TI - Individuals With Major Depressive Disorder Report High Scores of Insecure‐Avoidant and Insecure‐Anxious Attachment Styles, Dissociative Identity Symptoms and Adult Traumatic Events JO - Healthcare (Switzerland) VL - 9 IS - 9 SP - EP - PY - 2021 ER -

Style

Citing Format

MLA

Golshani S, et al.. "Individuals With Major Depressive Disorder Report High Scores of Insecure‐Avoidant and Insecure‐Anxious Attachment Styles, Dissociative Identity Symptoms and Adult Traumatic Events." Healthcare (Switzerland), vol. 9, no. 9, 2021, pp. -.

APA

Golshani S, Najafpour A, Hashemian SS, Goudarzi N, Firoozabadi A, Ghezelbash MS, Hookari S, Firoozabadi K, Dursteler KM, Bruhl AB, Alikhani M, Sadeghibahmani D, Brand S (2021). Individuals With Major Depressive Disorder Report High Scores of Insecure‐Avoidant and Insecure‐Anxious Attachment Styles, Dissociative Identity Symptoms and Adult Traumatic Events. Healthcare (Switzerland), 9(9), -.

Chicago

Golshani S, Najafpour A, Hashemian SS, Goudarzi N, Firoozabadi A, Ghezelbash MS, Hookari S, et al.. "Individuals With Major Depressive Disorder Report High Scores of Insecure‐Avoidant and Insecure‐Anxious Attachment Styles, Dissociative Identity Symptoms and Adult Traumatic Events." Healthcare (Switzerland) 9, no. 9 (2021): -.

Harvard

Golshani S et al. (2021) 'Individuals With Major Depressive Disorder Report High Scores of Insecure‐Avoidant and Insecure‐Anxious Attachment Styles, Dissociative Identity Symptoms and Adult Traumatic Events', Healthcare (Switzerland), 9(9), pp. -.

Vancouver

Golshani S, Najafpour A, Hashemian SS, Goudarzi N, Firoozabadi A, Ghezelbash MS, et al.. Individuals With Major Depressive Disorder Report High Scores of Insecure‐Avoidant and Insecure‐Anxious Attachment Styles, Dissociative Identity Symptoms and Adult Traumatic Events. Healthcare (Switzerland). 2021;9(9):-.

BibTex

@article{ author = {Golshani S and Najafpour A and Hashemian SS and Goudarzi N and Firoozabadi A and Ghezelbash MS and Hookari S and Firoozabadi K and Dursteler KM and Bruhl AB and Alikhani M and Sadeghibahmani D and Brand S}, title = {Individuals With Major Depressive Disorder Report High Scores of Insecure‐Avoidant and Insecure‐Anxious Attachment Styles, Dissociative Identity Symptoms and Adult Traumatic Events}, journal = {Healthcare (Switzerland)}, volume = {9}, number = {9}, pages = {-}, year = {2021} }

RIS

TY - JOUR
AU - Golshani S
AU - Najafpour A
AU - Hashemian SS
AU - Goudarzi N
AU - Firoozabadi A
AU - Ghezelbash MS
AU - Hookari S
AU - Firoozabadi K
AU - Dursteler KM
AU - Bruhl AB
AU - Alikhani M
AU - Sadeghibahmani D
AU - Brand S
TI - Individuals With Major Depressive Disorder Report High Scores of Insecure‐Avoidant and Insecure‐Anxious Attachment Styles, Dissociative Identity Symptoms and Adult Traumatic Events
JO - Healthcare (Switzerland)
VL - 9
IS - 9
SP -
EP -
PY - 2021
ER -

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Abstract