Preparation and Evaluation of a New Topical Formulation of Diphenylcyclopropenone With Propylene Glycol for the Treatment of Alopecia Areata Publisher



Naeimifar A ; Daneshmand B ; Namini N ; Amiri F ; Fattahi M ; Nasrollahi S A ; Firooz A
Source: Iranian Journal of Dermatology Published:2026

Abstract

Background: The reported efficacy of topical diphenylcyclopropenone (DPCP) in treating alopecia areata has demonstrated considerable variability. This study aimed to assess the stability of DPCP in various solutions, using two distinct preparation methods, and to investigate the physicochemical parameters throughout the stability period. Methods: We examined two different approaches for preparing DPCP topical solutions. Method A utilized acetone as the solvent, whereas, Method B employed propylene glycol diluted with acetone at the time of application . The prepared solutions were evaluated according to the ICH guidelines through stability testing conducted over six months at 5º C ± 3º C. Results: Throughout the storage period, the formulations maintained consistent color, odor, density, viscosity, and pH. The DPCP solutions at higher concentrations, such as 2%, 1%, and 0.5% were entirely stable and suitable. However, at lower concentrations, including 0.05%, 0.1%, and 0.01%, the assay values declined over three months. Higher concentrations of DPCP in acetone demonstrated better stability than lower ones. Consequently, for lower concentrations, Method B is recommended for the final product preparation. Propylene glycol is an effective primary solvent for DPCP diluted formulations. Conclusion: This finding may aid scientists in developing a highly effective DPCP solution for the treatment of Alopecia Areata (AA). © Iranian Journal of Dermatology.