Oral/Dermal Reference Dose (Rfd)/Inhalation Reference Concentration (Rfc) Publisher



Noruzi M^{1, 2} ; Abdollahi M^{1, 2}
Source: Encyclopedia of Toxicology# Fourth Edition: Volume 1-9 Published:2023

Abstract

The safe doses/concentrations are referred to as reference doses (RfDs) or reference concentrations (RfCs) by the US Environmental Protection Agency. RfD is measured in milligrams of pollutant per kilogram of body weight per day, while RfC is measured in milligrams per cubic meter of air. The RfD/RfC reflects lifetime ingestion and cutaneous or inhalation exposure with low danger. In contrast, doses/concentrations fewer than the RfD/RfC are not likely to be associated with health risks and are of little regulatory concern. Doses/concentrations at the RfD/RfC are not always ‘acceptable,’ and doses/concentrations above the RfD/RfC are not always ‘unacceptable.’ © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.