Coffee and Caffeine Intake in Relation to Symptoms of Psychological Disorders Among Adults Publisher



Nourimajd S¹ ; Salarimoghaddam A¹ ; Hassanzadeh Keshteli A^{2, 3} ; Afshar H⁴ ; Esmaillzadeh A^{1, 5, 6} ; Adibi P³ Show Affiliations
Source: Public Health Nutrition Published:2022

Abstract

Objective: Given that there is an inconsistency in the findings related to the relationship between coffee and caffeine consumption and symptoms of psychological disorders, we performed a cross-sectional analysis to examine the association between coffee and caffeine intake and symptoms of psychological disorders among adults. Design: In this cross-sectional study, 3362 participants were included. We assessed the coffee and caffeine intakes using a self-completed FFQ. Symptoms of depression, anxiety and psychological distress were assessed using Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and General Health Questionnaire screening tools. Setting: Fifty different healthcare centres located in the province of Isfahan, Iran. Participants: This study was performed on 3362 Iranian general adults working in healthcare centres. Results: The mean age of participants in this study was 36.2 ± 7.8 years. After controlling for potential confounders, individuals who consumed coffee weekly or more had a significantly lower odds of symptoms of depression (OR 0.67; 95 % CI (0.46, 0.96)) and symptoms of anxiety (OR 0.57; 95 % CI (0.34, 0.95)) compared with those who did not consume coffee. However, no significant association was found between coffee intake and symptoms of psychological distress (OR 0.98; 95 % CI (0.68, 1.42)). No significant relationship was found between caffeine intake and odds of symptoms of depression (OR 0.94; 95 % CI (0.75, 1.16)), symptoms of anxiety (OR 0.90; 95 % CI (0.67, 1.20)) and symptoms of psychological distress (OR 1.13; 95 % CI (0.89, 1.42)). Conclusion: Compared with lack of coffee intake, weekly or more coffee consumption might be correlated with symptoms of depression and anxiety. © 2022 The Author(s).