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Intrusive Thoughts in Patients With Obsessive–Compulsive and Major Depressive Disorders and Non-Clinical Participants: A Comparison Using the International Intrusive Thoughts Interview Schedule Publisher



Shams G1 ; Whittal ML2 ; Past N1 ; Por VM1 ; Yousefi Y1 ; Abasi I1, 3
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Psychiatry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Roozbeh Hospital, South Kargar Avenue, Tehran, 13337, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
  3. 3. Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Arabi Avenue, Tehran, Iran

Source: Current Psychology Published:2024


Abstract

Unwanted intrusive thoughts (UITs) have been studied in obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) but, despite the relationship between OCD and depression, there is a relative paucity of research investigating intrusive thoughts in patients with depression. The present study investigated intrusive thoughts in participants with OCD, major depressive disorder (MDD), and non-clinical participants. Participants with OCD (n = 50), MDD (n = 50), and non-clinical participants (n = 80) were assessed with the International Intrusive Thoughts Interview Schedule (IITIS), an interview protocol designed to assess UITs. Participants with OCD reported significantly more contamination thoughts but significantly fewer harm, religious/immoral, and other intrusive thoughts than those with MDD. Participants with OCD further endorsed greater frequency, distress, and importance of removing thoughts, and more difficulty removing intrusive thoughts of contamination compared to the MDD and non-clinical samples. The thought appraisal strategies of intolerance of uncertainty and thought-action fusion were reported more frequently in the OCD group compared to the MDD group. Thought control strategies, ritual checking and doing nothing were reported more in the OCD than the MDD group, whereas non-clinical participants reported utilizing more distraction compared to those with OCD and MDD. The results suggest that UITs are common across OCD, depressed patients and community sample. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.
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