Trends Analysis and Future Study of Medical and Pharmacy Education: A Scoping Review Publisher Pubmed



Bashirynejad M ; Soleymani F ; Nikfar S ; Zackery A ; Kebriaeezadeh A ; Majdzadeh Tabatabai R ; Fatemi B ; Zare N
Source: BMC Medical Education Published:2025

Abstract

Background: This scoping review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of emerging trends and future developments in medical and pharmacy education, addressing the need to adapt educational approaches to the rapidly evolving healthcare landscape. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in multiple databases to identify relevant studies published between April 2014 and April 2024. Studies pertaining to trends, forecasting, and future directions in medical and pharmacy education were included. Data extraction and synthesis followed a comprehensive process involving independent reviewers and standardized forms. Emerging themes were identified through coding and conceptual mapping techniques. Results: Out of the 926 records found, a total of 22 studies were reviewed, revealing several key trends: (1) Integration of artificial intelligence (AI), virtual/augmented reality (VR/AR), and digital technologies to enhance learning and skills; (2) Curricular reforms emphasizing interprofessional education, value-based care, population health, and social determinants; (3) Adoption of multidisciplinary approaches incorporating genomics, biotechnology, and data science; (4) Increased focus on preventive care and chronic disease management; (5) Establishment of ethical frameworks and competency standards for human-AI collaboration. A significant emphasis was placed on balancing technological innovation with core clinical skills and humanistic values. Conclusions: This review highlights transformative trends in medical and pharmacy education, providing insights for stakeholders on aligning curricula and teaching methods with the evolving healthcare landscape. Embracing technological advancements like AI and VR/AR, while promoting adaptability, interdisciplinary collaboration, and patient-centered care, is essential for maintaining educational relevance. Developing a workforce proficient in human-AI collaboration and equipped with multidisciplinary expertise is crucial for future healthcare delivery. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.