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Global Prevalence of Giardia Duodenalis in Cattle: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Publisher Pubmed



Taghipour A1 ; Sharbatkhori M2 ; Tohidi F3 ; Ghanbari MR4 ; Karanis P5, 6 ; Olfatifar M7 ; Majidiani H8 ; Khazaei S9 ; Bahadory S9 ; Javanmard E10
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Zoonoses Research Center, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
  2. 2. Laboratory Sciences Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
  3. 3. Infectious Diseases Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
  4. 4. Department of Public Health, School of Health, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
  5. 5. Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
  6. 6. University of Nicosia, Medical School, Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, Anatomy Centre, Nicosia, 2408, Cyprus
  7. 7. Gastroenterology and Hepataology Diseases Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
  8. 8. Zoonotic Diseases Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
  9. 9. Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
  10. 10. Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Source: Preventive Veterinary Medicine Published:2022


Abstract

Giardia duodenalis is an important intestinal parasite responsible for diarrhea in humans and animals worldwide. Up to now, G. duodenalis infections in cattle have been reported in many studies around the world. Hence, the aim of the present study is to report on the distribution of G. duodenalis in cattle at global scale and to evaluate the global prevalence, risk factors and genetic characterization of G. duodenalis infection among cattle worldwide. International databases were systematically searched to identify relevant studies. A random-effects meta-analysis model was used to estimate the overall and the subgroup-pooled prevalence of G. duodenalis across studies, and the variance between studies (heterogeneity) was quantified by I2 index. One hundred and fifty-eight articles (including 195 datasets), from 48 countries met eligibility criteria for analysis. Considering detection methods, the pooled prevalence was estimated to be 24% (95% confidence interval (CI), 19–30%) using copro-antigen techniques, 22% (95% CI, 17–28%) using molecular, and 16% (95% CI, 12–20%) using microscopic detection. Molecular methods showed that the highest number of reports were associated with assemblage E (45/46; 97.83% studies), assemblage A (33/46; 71.74% studies) and assemblage A+E (10/46; 21.74% studies). The pooled prevalence different of subgroups (WHO regions, countries, and type of cattle) were analyzed separately. Moreover, a significant association was observed between G. duodenalis infection with cattle suffering from diarrhea (odds ratio (OR), 2.61; 95% CI, 1.50–4.55) and pre-weaned calves (OR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.08–2.95). These results suggest that the corresponding control scheme and effective management measures should be formulated to reduce the transmission of G. duodenalis infection according to the difference of geographical conditions in different areas. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.
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