Quantification of Methanol, Ethanol, and Essential Oil Contents of Commonly Used Brands of Rosewater (Rosa Damascena) in Iran

Quantification of Methanol, Ethanol, and Essential Oil Contents of Commonly Used Brands of Rosewater (Rosa Damascena) in Iran Publisher

Yazdanfar N¹ ; Mohamadi S² ; Zienali T³ ; Sadighara P⁴

Show Affiliations

1. Iranian Institute of R&D in Chemical Industries (IRDCI) (ACECR), Tehran, Iran
2. Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shahre-kord University, Shahrekord, Iran
3. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, School of Health, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
4. Department of Environmental Health, Food Safety Division, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Source: Journal of Nutrition and Food Security Published:2022

Abstract

Background: Rosa damascena Mill. (Rosaceae) is a relevant ornamental and medicinal flower, whose distillation is known as Golab (Rosewater) in Iran. Due to the nature of the distillation process, methanol and ethanol are likely to be formed in the final product. Therefore, due to their toxicity, along with their frequent prescription, this study aims to investigate the concentrations of essential oil, methanol, and ethanol in commonly used brands of Rosewater available in Tehran, Iran. Methods: Methanol and ethanol concentrations were determined by gas chromatography, using a Flame Ionized Detector. Results: The mean essence level in the tested samples was 204.1 ± 18.0 ppm, which was significantly higher (P < 0.001) than the Iranian standard level. The mean methanol and ethanol levels in the tested samples were 1.25 ± 0.70 ppm and 700.0 ± 100.0 ppm, respectively, which were significantly lower than the maximum residues levels. Conclusion: The mean essence level in the tested samples well coped with the Iranian standard level. Moreover, there is no health risk to methanol and ethanol through Rosewater consumption. © 2022. Journal of Nutrition and Food Security. All Rights Reserved.

Style	Citing Format
MLA	Yazdanfar N, et al.. "Quantification of Methanol, Ethanol, and Essential Oil Contents of Commonly Used Brands of Rosewater (Rosa Damascena) in Iran." Journal of Nutrition and Food Security, vol. 7, no. 3, 2022, pp. 374-378.
APA	Yazdanfar N, Mohamadi S, Zienali T, Sadighara P (2022). Quantification of Methanol, Ethanol, and Essential Oil Contents of Commonly Used Brands of Rosewater (Rosa Damascena) in Iran. Journal of Nutrition and Food Security, 7(3), 374-378.
Chicago	Yazdanfar N, Mohamadi S, Zienali T, Sadighara P. "Quantification of Methanol, Ethanol, and Essential Oil Contents of Commonly Used Brands of Rosewater (Rosa Damascena) in Iran." Journal of Nutrition and Food Security 7, no. 3 (2022): 374-378.
Harvard	Yazdanfar N et al. (2022) 'Quantification of Methanol, Ethanol, and Essential Oil Contents of Commonly Used Brands of Rosewater (Rosa Damascena) in Iran', Journal of Nutrition and Food Security, 7(3), pp. 374-378.
Vancouver	Yazdanfar N, Mohamadi S, Zienali T, Sadighara P. Quantification of Methanol, Ethanol, and Essential Oil Contents of Commonly Used Brands of Rosewater (Rosa Damascena) in Iran. Journal of Nutrition and Food Security. 2022;7(3):374-378.
BibTex	@article{ author = {Yazdanfar N and Mohamadi S and Zienali T and Sadighara P}, title = {Quantification of Methanol, Ethanol, and Essential Oil Contents of Commonly Used Brands of Rosewater (Rosa Damascena) in Iran}, journal = {Journal of Nutrition and Food Security}, volume = {7}, number = {3}, pages = {374-378}, year = {2022} }
RIS	TY - JOUR AU - Yazdanfar N AU - Mohamadi S AU - Zienali T AU - Sadighara P TI - Quantification of Methanol, Ethanol, and Essential Oil Contents of Commonly Used Brands of Rosewater (Rosa Damascena) in Iran JO - Journal of Nutrition and Food Security VL - 7 IS - 3 SP - 374 EP - 378 PY - 2022 ER -

Science Communicator Platform

Authors

Authors Affiliations

Abstract