Pilot Study on the Effect of Respiratory Biofeedback on Anxiety and Fatigue in Patients With Covid-19: Use of Smartphone Publisher



Norouziyan B ; Yadollahzadeh M ; Baghban A A ; Shamili A ; Ansari N N ; Shamsoddini A
Source: Physical Treatments Published:2026

Abstract

Purpose: COVID-19 is associated with various psychological effects, including increased anxiety and fatigue, in addition to its negative impact on physiological systems. This study aimed to investigate the effect of smartphone-based respiratory biofeedback on anxiety and fatigue among patients with COVID-19. Methods: In this experimental study, 76 patients with COVID-19 hospitalized in Firouzgar Hospital (Tehran Province, Iran) were assigned to intervention and control groups. The intervention group received routine medical care supplemented with respiratory biofeedback breathing exercises delivered via smartphone. Each session lasted 30 minutes and was conducted twice daily for 10 sessions. The control group received only routine medical treatment. Fatigue was assessed using the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory, and anxiety levels were measured with the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Results: Following the intervention, patients in the biofeedback group experienced a significantly greater reduction in fatigue and anxiety compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The control group, which received routine treatment alone, also demonstrated some improvement in symptoms (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The findings indicate that smartphone-based respiratory biofeedback is effective in reducing both anxiety and fatigue among patients with COVID-19. This intervention, when integrated with standard medical care, offers significant psychological and physical symptom relief, highlighting its potential as a valuable non-pharmacological addition to comprehensive COVID-19 management. © 2026 The Author(s).