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Geographical and Molecular Analysis of Haplotype Variations in Leishmania Major Among Infected Iranian Phlebotomus Papatasi Publisher Pubmed



Mohammadi S1 ; Najafzadeh N1 ; Ghafari SM1 ; Hanafibojd AA2 ; Taslimian R1 ; Parvizi P1
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Molecular Systematics Laboratory, Parasitology Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, 69 Pasteur Ave, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Source: Acta Parasitologica Published:2024


Abstract

Purpose: Leishmania major is main causative agent and Phlebotomus papatasi is only proven vector of Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ZCL) in Iran. Human leishmaniasis is mostly susceptible to climatic conditions and molecular variations of Leishmania parasites within sandflies. Methods: L. major was analyzed based on geographical, environmental, climatic changes and haplotype variations within P. papatasi. Molecular tools and different geographical aspects were employed using Arc-GIS software for mapping the geographic distribution of samples and other statistics tests. Fragments of ITS-rDNA, k-DNA, and microsatellite genes of Leishmania were used for PCR, RFLP, sequencing, and phylogenetic analyses. Results: Totally 81 out of 1083 female P. papatasi were detected with Leishmania parasites: 70 and five were L. major and L. turanica, respectively. Golestan and Fars provinces had the highest (13.64%) and lowest (4.55%) infection rates, respectively. The infection rate among female P. papatasi collected from gerbil burrows was significantly higher (15.15%) than animal shelters, yards, and inside houses (4.48%) (P < 0.0%). Microsatellite was more sensitive (22.72%) than k-DNA (18.8%) and ITS-rDNA (7.48%). More molecular variations of L. major were found in Isfahan province. Conclusions: Arc-GIS software and other statistics tests were employed to find Leishmania positive and haplotype variations among sand flies. Geographical situations, altitude, climate, precipitation, humidity, temperature, urbanization, migrations, regional divergences, deforestation, global warming, genome instability, ecology, and biology of the sand flies intrinsically, and the reservoir hosts and neighboring infected locations could be reasons for increasing or decreasing the rate of Leishmania infection and haplotype variations. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.
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