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Effect of Substituent Groups on the Adsorption Efficiency of Phenols by Activated Carbon Developed by Hydrothermally Treated Phyllanthus Emblica Fruit Stone Publisher



Kushwaha S1 ; Chaudhary M2 ; Chaudhary S1 ; Tyagi V1 ; Cansado IPDP3 ; Dehghani MH4, 5
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Chemistry, Gurukula Kangri (Deemed to Be University), Haridwar, 249404, India
  2. 2. Department of Chemistry, Hariom Saraswati P.G. College, Haridwar, Dhanauri, 247667, India
  3. 3. MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & Change—Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Science and Technology, University of Evora, Rua Romao Ramalho, nº 59, Evora, 7000-671, Portugal
  4. 4. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1416634793, Iran
  5. 5. Center for Solid Waste Research, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1416634793, Iran

Source: Toxics Published:2024


Abstract

In this study, the novel activated carbon developed from Phyllanthus emblica fruit stone, through hydrothermal treatment at low pressure and temperature, was utilized for the removal of 4-nitrophenol, 4-chlorophenol, and phenol from water. The activated carbon produced (AC-HTPEFS) showed a well-developed porosity with a surface area of 569 m2 g−1 and a total pore volume of 0.342 cm3 g−1. The adsorption process was explored and efficiently applied regarding the removal of phenols and substituted phenols from wastewater. Thermodynamic analyses indicated that the adsorption process was endothermic and spontaneous. To analyze the equilibrium data, different isotherm models were employed. The Langmuir model applied best, with maximum adsorption capacities of 0.463, 0.434, and 0.387 mmol g−1 at 25 °C for 4-nitrophenol (4-NP), 4-chlorophenol (4-CP), and phenol, respectively, regarding the AC-HTPEFS. The adsorption was mainly an endothermic process, and the results achieved were slightly higher than those obtained with a commercial activated carbon commonly used for this purpose. © 2024 by the authors.
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