Fundamentals of Navigation Surgery Publisher



Ahmadian A^{1, 2} ; Farnia P^{1, 2} ; Najafzadeh E^{1, 2} ; Lavasani SN² ; Aziz MJ^{1, 2} ; Ahmadian A^{1, 2} Show Affiliations
Source: Navigation in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery: Applications# Advances# and Limitations Published:2022

Abstract

What a surgeon needs in an operating room is a sense of confidence to perform a safe and less invasive surgery by avoiding critical anatomies and preferably on a preplanned map. Advanced technology has become an aid in bringing the preoperative images and surgery plans aligned with the surgical tools navigated into the operating room in a real-time scenario. This technology has led to the emerging of the image-guided surgery (IGS) systems designed for the benefit of surgeons and patients and nowadays has become essential in performing most surgeries. The main aim of IGS is to enable surgeons to precisely localize the surgery regions by accurate positioning of the surgical tools over the preoperative images of the patient. In order to have this scenario happen precisely in the operating room, there have been engagements of lots of innovative technologies and implemented algorithms into an image-guided system. This book chapter is devoted to briefly discuss the facts behind IGS technology from the beginning until now and highlight some critical challenges that affect the system’s performance. The authors of this chapter have been carrying out extensive works and original researches on the design, implementation, and improvement of the image-guided navigation systems in almost all surgical disciplines, including neurosurgery, ears, nose, and throat, and craniomaxillofacial (CMF), spine, for more than 10 years. Therefore, the main aim of this chapter is to share our extensive experiences and knowledge in this field with people from technical and medical staff who are enthusiastically promoting new emerging technologies into the operating rooms for better care of patients. We first introduce the main components of an image-guided system, then go through the most critical and challenging part of IGS, called registration procedures. Next, some advanced registration algorithms and their impact on the accuracy of navigation systems with their applications in different surgeries with a focus on CMF have been discussed. Finally, we have drawn some statements on the current challenges in IGS, such as tissue deformation, with some solutions and the future aspects of this technology in medicine. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022