Investigating the Concentration of Patulin in Various Juices Samples Sold in Tehran Market in 2024; [بررسی غلظت پاتولین در نمونه‌های آب میوه عرضه شده در سطح شهر تهران در سال ۱۴۰۳]



Eskandari S ; Bakhtiyari A ; Mirzakhani A ; Aghebatbekheir S ; Shavaligilani P
Source: Iranian Journal of Health and Environment Published:2026

Abstract

Background and Objective: Measuring leakage radiation dose in radiology centers is essential for protecting public health. This study aimed to assess the exposure levels of radiation workers (in controlled areas) and visitors (in supervised areas) to ionizing radiation in radiology centers of Qazvin Province. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted as a census in 79 radiology centers across Qazvin Province. Leakage dose was measured using a FLUKE 451B ionization chamber and reported in µSv / h. Using the U.S. Radiological Protection Commission model, exposure in controlled and supervised areas was estimated in mSv/year. Finally, Monte Carlo simulation was applied to analyze the probabilistic distribution of exposure for workers and visitors. Results: The mean leakage dose in controlled and supervised areas was 0.1 - 1.7µSv / h and 0.1 - 2.19 µSv / h, respectively. The mean exposure dose for radiation workers and visitors was estimated at 0.1755± 0.3079mSv / year and 6.2± 14.9× 10^-5mSv / year, respectively, which showed a statistically significant difference (p < 0.0001). Based on Monte Carlo simulation results, 93 percent of exposure for workers fell within 0.0 - 0.98mSv / year, and 95 of exposure for visitors fell within 0.0 - 0.01mSv / year. Conclusion: The findings indicate that leakage doses in radiology centers of Qazvin Province are within permissible limits. However, the detection of elevated ionizing radiation leakage in CT angiography and nuclear medicine departments underscores the need for continuous monitoring and adherence to the ALARA principle. Although the study has a cross-sectional design, its results may serve as a basis for developing national radiation safety policies. Copyright © 2026 Iranian Association of Environmental Health and Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Published by Tehran University of Medical Sciences. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). Noncommercial uses of the work are permitted, provided the original work is properly cited.