The Explore Flexible Emotion-Based Decision-Making Behavior in Smokers and Non-Smokers



Jafari L¹ ; Vahed N² ; Azadi S³ ; Keyhani ALI⁴ ; Baseri MH⁵ ; Ghaderi A^{6, 7}
Source: International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research Published:2019

Abstract

Introduction:Flexible emotional decision making has a craving for cracking, slipping and temptation in smokers. So, that the defect in the decision-making system is a strong predictor of slippage during the withdrawal period. This study was designed to evaluate comparative behavioral emotional decision making in smokers, casual smoking and non-smokers with active role memory. Material and Method:This cross-sectional study was performed on 45 smokers, 43 casual smoking and 89 non-smokers. The data were collected using a questionnaire of students who were smoking. The intensity of nicotine-fugstrom dependency, Beck Depression Inventory, Wechsler's active memory counts and homework Iowa gambling was conducted in this research. Result:The severity of depression was significantly higher in smokers and casual smoking than in non-smokers (P=0.001), respectively, and, respectively, calligraphy and visual acuity in smokers and casual smoking were significantly higher than non-smokers (P=0.001 and P=0.001). Analysis of variance with repeated measurements showed that there was a significant interaction between smoking pattern in three groups and five blocks (Wilks' Lambda = 0.62, F (8, 320) = 11.52, P=0.001, η2 = 0.213). Also, analysis of variance showed a significant difference in the three groups in the first block of effort (F = 9.65, P= 0.001). Non-smokers in the first block had a higher risk profile than the other two groups, but over time, the differences in the three groups were made and the risk-taking decision of non-smokers was reduced. The LSD follow-up test showed that there was no significant difference in risk between two groups in the fifth and final blocks of gambling in Iowa (P= 0.2) Conclusion:The Iowa gambling decision-making pattern appears to be consistent with the pattern of cigarette smoking in students, with daily smokers and casual smoking showing fundamental differences in emotional decision making and cognitive flexibility. © 2019, Advanced Scientific Research. All rights reserved.