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The Explore Flexible Emotion-Based Decision-Making Behavior in Smokers and Non-Smokers



Jafari L1 ; Vahed N2 ; Azadi S3 ; Keyhani ALI4 ; Baseri MH5 ; Ghaderi A6, 7
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Biology, Payame Noor University, Rey city center, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Department of Psychology, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
  4. 4. Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  5. 5. Department of Neuroscience and Addiction School of Advanced Medical Technologies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  6. 6. Department of Addiction Studies, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
  7. 7. Clinical Research Development Unit-Matini/Kargarnejad Hospital, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran

Source: International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research Published:2019

Abstract

Introduction:Flexible emotional decision making has a craving for cracking, slipping and temptation in smokers. So, that the defect in the decision-making system is a strong predictor of slippage during the withdrawal period. This study was designed to evaluate comparative behavioral emotional decision making in smokers, casual smoking and non-smokers with active role memory. Material and Method:This cross-sectional study was performed on 45 smokers, 43 casual smoking and 89 non-smokers. The data were collected using a questionnaire of students who were smoking. The intensity of nicotine-fugstrom dependency, Beck Depression Inventory, Wechsler's active memory counts and homework Iowa gambling was conducted in this research. Result:The severity of depression was significantly higher in smokers and casual smoking than in non-smokers (P=0.001), respectively, and, respectively, calligraphy and visual acuity in smokers and casual smoking were significantly higher than non-smokers (P=0.001 and P=0.001). Analysis of variance with repeated measurements showed that there was a significant interaction between smoking pattern in three groups and five blocks (Wilks' Lambda = 0.62, F (8, 320) = 11.52, P=0.001, η2 = 0.213). Also, analysis of variance showed a significant difference in the three groups in the first block of effort (F = 9.65, P= 0.001). Non-smokers in the first block had a higher risk profile than the other two groups, but over time, the differences in the three groups were made and the risk-taking decision of non-smokers was reduced. The LSD follow-up test showed that there was no significant difference in risk between two groups in the fifth and final blocks of gambling in Iowa (P= 0.2) Conclusion:The Iowa gambling decision-making pattern appears to be consistent with the pattern of cigarette smoking in students, with daily smokers and casual smoking showing fundamental differences in emotional decision making and cognitive flexibility. © 2019, Advanced Scientific Research. All rights reserved.
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