New Insights Into Hypospadias, With Emphasis on Etiology and Epidemiology

New Insights Into Hypospadias, With Emphasis on Etiology and Epidemiology

Tourchi A¹ ; Ebadi M² ; Spinoit AF³ ; Hoebeke P³

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1. Robert D. Jeffs Division of Pediatric Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
2. Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
3. Department of Urology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium

Source: Hypospadias: Risk Factors# Epidemiology and Surgical Outcomes Published:2015

Abstract

Hypospadias is recognized as one the most common congenital malformations in male newborns, resulting in an abnormal opening of urethral meatus. It is regarded as a multifactorial disorder in which interactions between genetics, maternal and environmental factors lead to hypoplastic development of the ventral side of the penis, either dependently or in an interaction with other factors. Various studies have pointed to contributing factors and their association with development of hypospadias. In addition epidemiologic studies have described its epidemiologic patterns. In this chapter, the authors aim to summarize various epidemiological findings, mutations and the recognized genetic aspects of the malformation, as well as the known predisposing environmental factors. Some gene-gene and gene-environment interactions have been recognized which will be discussed. Finally, the tendency of each etiologic factor to result in different phenotypes will be described. © 2015 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Style	Citing Format
MLA	Tourchi A, et al.. "New Insights Into Hypospadias, With Emphasis on Etiology and Epidemiology." Hypospadias: Risk Factors# Epidemiology and Surgical Outcomes, vol. , no. , 2015, pp. 38-60.
APA	Tourchi A, Ebadi M, Spinoit AF, Hoebeke P (2015). New Insights Into Hypospadias, With Emphasis on Etiology and Epidemiology. Hypospadias: Risk Factors# Epidemiology and Surgical Outcomes, (), 38-60.
Chicago	Tourchi A, Ebadi M, Spinoit AF, Hoebeke P. "New Insights Into Hypospadias, With Emphasis on Etiology and Epidemiology." Hypospadias: Risk Factors# Epidemiology and Surgical Outcomes , no. (2015): 38-60.
Harvard	Tourchi A et al. (2015) 'New Insights Into Hypospadias, With Emphasis on Etiology and Epidemiology', Hypospadias: Risk Factors# Epidemiology and Surgical Outcomes, (), pp. 38-60.
Vancouver	Tourchi A, Ebadi M, Spinoit AF, Hoebeke P. New Insights Into Hypospadias, With Emphasis on Etiology and Epidemiology. Hypospadias: Risk Factors# Epidemiology and Surgical Outcomes. 2015;():38-60.
BibTex	@article{ author = {Tourchi A and Ebadi M and Spinoit AF and Hoebeke P}, title = {New Insights Into Hypospadias, With Emphasis on Etiology and Epidemiology}, journal = {Hypospadias: Risk Factors# Epidemiology and Surgical Outcomes}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {38-60}, year = {2015} }
RIS	TY - JOUR AU - Tourchi A AU - Ebadi M AU - Spinoit AF AU - Hoebeke P TI - New Insights Into Hypospadias, With Emphasis on Etiology and Epidemiology JO - Hypospadias: Risk Factors# Epidemiology and Surgical Outcomes VL - IS - SP - 38 EP - 60 PY - 2015 ER -

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Abstract