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Bioavailability and Safety of Phytonutrients Publisher



Niaz K1 ; Shah MA2 ; Khan F3, 4, 5 ; Saleem U2 ; Vargas C6 ; Panichayupakaranant P7, 8
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Bio-Sciences, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
  2. 2. Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
  3. 3. Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran, Iran
  4. 4. The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  5. 5. International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (IC-TUMS), Tehran, Iran
  6. 6. Latin American Center for Teaching and Research in Food Bacteriology (CLEIBA), Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
  7. 7. Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
  8. 8. Phytomedicine and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Excellence Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla, Thailand

Source: Phytonutrients in Food: From Traditional to Rational Usage Published:2019


Abstract

Phytonutrients are natural bioactive compounds obtained from plants that perform specific biological activities and modify different physiological functions to improve general human health. The utilization of phytonutrients has become widespread to treat deficiency syndromes and to reduce disease risk, dedicating special attention to numerous biologically active metabolites. Several classes of secondary compounds are derived from phytonutrients, among which terpenoids, flavonoids, and alkaloids are the most studied due to their widespread distribution, and their multiple chemical structures that allow them to disseminate different biological activities. However, the phytonutrients market is still not well organized, and appropriate regulations are still lacking, as quality, safety, long-term adverse effects, and toxicity are of concern. In this chapter, we discuss the bioavailability of the most relevant phytonutrients, the in vitro and in vivo methods used in their determination, and highlight their safety aspects and regulations, as well as the progress made so far to enhance their bioavailability. © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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