Evaluation of Oxidative Stress and Coagulation Factors in Ms Patients Throughout Both Relapse and Remission Stages Publisher



Naseri N ; Harirchian M H ; Khodadadi I ; Ghiasian M ; Askari H ; Abbasi E
Source: Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports Published:2026

Abstract

Background Relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS) is characterized by inflammatory attacks on myelin. Previous studies have shown the vital role of coagulation factors, inflammation, and oxidative stress in multiple sclerosis (MS). Hence, changes in these factors in relapse occurrence could propose novel therapeutic and diagnostic targets. The blood samples were collected during relapse status. Then, patients were followed up for three months with no difference in disease modifying treatments (DMTs)-naive status, and the second blood samples were collected in the remission phase. Methods The coagulation factors were measured in 24 RRMS (13F/11M) patients and 24 healthy controls (12F/12 M). Oxidative stress markers such as total oxidant status (TOS), malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and inflammatory biomarkers such as IL-6, ferritin, C-reactive protein (CRP), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were measured in both relapse and remission phases. Results The expanded disability status scale (EDSS) was considerably higher in relapse versus remission status (p = 0.001). The results indicate that d-dimer, as a coagulation marker, ferritin, CRP, ESR, MDA, and TOS are higher in relapse vs remission (p < 0.05). Besides, further analysis showed that fibrinogen, ferritin, IL-6, and TOS were significantly different in RRMS vs the control (p < 0.05). These parameters showed no significant correlation between EDSS with coagulation, inflammatory, and oxidative markers (p > 0.05). Conclusion Our results showed that the levels of fibrinogen, TOS, ferritin, and IL-6 may have diagnostic efficacy in MS vs control. This study has some limitations. The first was the follow-up of RRMS candidates in relapse and remission. The second is that we did not measure the coagulation, inflammatory, and oxidative markers in the CSF sample. © 2026 The Authors.