Psychometric Characteristics of the Persian Version of the Online Student Engagement Scale, Ose Publisher



Choobsaz F ; Zolfaghari M ; Borjalilu S
Source: Strides in Development of Medical Education Journal Published:2026

Abstract

Background: With the rapid growth of e-learning technology, it has become one of the most common educational approaches in educational institutions. Objectives: This study was conducted with the aim of psychometrically evaluating the Online Student Engagement Scale (OSE) in Persian to assess the level of engagement in online courses. Methods: In this descriptive-cross-sectional study, 125 online students completed the Persian version of the OSE. The construct validity of the OSE was examined using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and Pearson correlations. Cronbach’s alpha was calculated to determine internal consistency. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed using Smart PLS 3 software to analyze the confirmatory factor structure of the instrument. The Larcker-Fornell criterion was used to check divergent validity. Results: Four factors of learning engagement (social, behavioral, cognitive, and affective) were identified using factor analysis. The reliability was confirmed with a Cronbach's alpha score of 0.923. The factor structure was supported by fit indices (Χ²/df = 2316.824, p < .0001, SRMR = 0.166, dULS = 29.682, RMS Theta = 0.231). The construct validity and reliability of the tool were confirmed with composite construct validity values above 0.7. Conclusion: The Persian version of the OSE appears to be a reliable and potentially valid instrument for use in Iranian online students. It may be favorable for evaluating e-learning engagement. © 2026, Strides in Development of Medical Education is Published by Kerman University of Medical Science.