The Impact of Game-Based Learning on Self-Efficacy and Happiness in Mothers of Premature Infants Publisher



Habibi M ; Pouraboli B ; Imanipour M ; Ranjbar H ; Mojabi S H
Source: Journal of Neonatal Nursing Published:2026

Abstract

Introduction Caring for a premature infant may be associated with psychological distress and reduced confidence in mothers. Innovative educational strategies may help strengthen maternal self-efficacy and well-being. This study examined whether game-based learning was associated with self-efficacy and happiness among mothers of premature infants. Methods This sequential non-randomized study included 80 mothers of premature infants in a neonatal intensive care unit in Qazvin, who were divided into control and intervention groups (40 each). Data were collected using the Perceived Maternal Parenting Self-Efficacy Scale and the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire, and analyzed with t -test, Mann–Whitney U test, chi-square test, paired t -test, and Wilcoxon tests . Results No significant baseline differences were observed ( p > 0.05). Post-intervention self-efficacy and happiness scores were higher in the intervention group ( p < 0.05), while no significant changes were observed in the control group. Conclusion Game-based learning was associated with higher maternal self-efficacy and happiness scores. © 2026 Neonatal Nurses Association.