Salivary Antiviral and Antibacterial Properties in the Encounter of Sars-Cov-2 Publisher Pubmed



Mohtasham N¹ ; Bargi R² ; Farshbaf A³ ; Shahri MV⁴ ; Hesari KK⁵ ; Mohajertehran F^{1, 2, 6}
Source: Current Pharmaceutical Design Published:2023

Abstract

Due to the high mortality rate of COVID-19 and its high variability and mutability, it is essential to know the body's defense mechanisms against this virus. Saliva has numerous functions, such as digestion, pro- tection, and antimicrobial effects. Salivary diagnostic tests for many oral and systemic diseases will be avail- able soon because saliva is a pool of biological markers. The most important antiviral and antibacterial com-pounds identified in saliva include lysozyme, lactoferrin (LF), mucins, cathelicidin, salivary secretory immuno-globulin (SIgA), chromogranin A, cathelicidin, salivary agglutinin (SAG) (gp340, DMBT1), α, β defensins, cys- tatin, histatins, secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI), heat shock protein (HSP), adrenomedullin and mi- croRNA (miRNAs). Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in saliva could be used in the future as models for design- ing effective oral microbial antibiotics. The antiviral properties of the peptides in saliva may be one of the fu- ture treatments for the COVID-19 virus. In this review, we investigate compounds with antiviral and antibacte- rial properties in saliva and the importance of these compounds in saliva in exposure to the COVID-19 virus. Due to the transmission route of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) into the oral cavity in the lower and upper respiratory tract, studies of salivary antiviral properties in these patients are very important. Some of the antiviral effects of saliva, especially mucin, α, β-defensins, IgA, IgG, IgM, lysozyme, SAG, SLPI, and histatins, may play a greater role in neutralizing or eliminating COVID-19. © 2023 Bentham Science Publishers.