Ultrasound Operation Parameters for Effective Chemical Compound Degradation Publisher



Hamidi F ; Hassanpour AA ; Khanizadeh M ; Yazdi NB ; Nasrabadi MN ; Mazloumian M ; Dehghani MH ; Karri RR
Source: Ultrasonic Treatment of Water and Wastewater: Removal of Biological and Chemical Pollutants and Combined Processes Published:2026

Abstract

Ultrasound (US) as an advanced oxidation process has garnered significant attention as a cutting-edge treatment technology for the degradation of organic and inorganic pollutants within water and wastewater. It offers distinct advantages over traditional treatment methods, making it an appealing choice for environmental protection and remediation. US operations are conducted under ideal temperature and pressure conditions, enhancing their efficacy. Moreover, its ability to generate no secondary pollutants aligns seamlessly with environmental preservation goals. Additionally, the absence of a requirement for supplementary chemicals reduces operational costs, rendering US technology economically sensible and straightforward to employ. Safety concerns associated with US are fewer, and resolutions to any issues that arise are more swift than with alternative technologies. Notably, the biodegradability and toxicity of compounds have minimal influence on sonolysis. This chapter delves into the investigation of US parameters crucial for efficiently degrading chemical compounds, a pivotal aspect of pollutant removal. The assessment of US processes in purification and oxidation is carried out through systematic experimental investigations and variations of key parameters. These parameters include US frequency, power density, treatment duration, temperature, chemical conditions, and reactor design. It is vital to emphasize that optimal US degradation parameters can vary depending on the specific chemical compound or mixture under treatment. Thus conducting experimental studies and parameter optimization tailored to the compound’s unique characteristics is imperative. The chapter’s initial section provides an insightful overview of US, elucidating induced phenomena and the mechanisms by which it facilitates chemical breakdown. Subsequently, the chapter explores combinatorial treatment strategies incorporating sonication. These strategies not only expedite degradation processes but also offer cost-effective solutions viable for commercial-scale operations. In closing the chapter outlines future perspectives on utilizing US for compound removal. It underscores the continued evolution of US technology as a potent tool in the ongoing pursuit of sustainable and efficient pollutant degradation. This comprehensive review seeks to provide a holistic understanding of the potential and optimization of US operations for the degradation of chemical compounds, advancing the realm of environmental remediation and water treatment. © 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.