Optimizing Metallic Tag Design for Forensic Fly Tracking: A Dual-Use Tool for Disaster Victim Recovery and Forensic Investigations Publisher



Hediyeloo S ; Akbarzadeh K ; Boroumand F A ; Oshaghi M A
Source: Applied Animal Behaviour Science Published:2026

Abstract

This study evaluates the feasibility of a metallic tagging system for tracking Sarcophaga argyrostoma (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830) under controlled conditions, establishing foundational data for field applications in disaster victim recovery and forensic investigations. Experiments conducted in an enclosed shed environment systematically assessed tag design parameters, including shape (helical coils, square, circle, and triangle), weight (10–40 mg), and attachment location (dorsal/ventral thorax vs. dorsal/ventral abdomen). Results indicated that 20 mg tags (≤0.28 × body weight) attached to the dorsal thorax maintained normal flight behavior and preserved necrophagous attraction, with 90% flight success in controlled assays and 90% escape success in outdoor trials. Triangular and helical (spiral) geometries significantly outperformed square and circular designs, which impaired flight performance. The 25 mg tag (0.36 × body weight) marked the threshold for detectable impairment, while tags ≥ 30 mg (≥0.43 × body weight) caused severe flight failure. While limited to controlled conditions, this work provides critical benchmarks for metallic tag performance, suggesting potential for operational use pending field validation. The findings suggest that harmonic radar systems employing similarly optimized tags (20 mg, triangular or helical design, dorsal thoracic placement) could enhance fly tracking in forensic and disaster response scenarios. Future research should validate these results in field conditions and explore integration with harmonic radar technology. This study offers a methodological framework for transitioning controlled experiments to practical applications, with specific recommendations for environmental adaptation and technological synergy. © 2026 Elsevier B.V.