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Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome After Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation in Pediatric Patients With Fanconi Anemia, a Prospective Study Publisher Pubmed



Behfar M1 ; Babaei M1 ; Radmard AR2 ; Kooraki S1 ; Farajifard H1, 3 ; Naji P1 ; Taebi S1 ; Hamidieh AA1
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Pediatric Cell Therapy Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Radiology, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Immunology-Microbiology Department, School of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran

Source: Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation Published:2020


Abstract

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is one of the most common neurologic complications following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). We aimed to evaluate the incidence, clinical, and imaging features of PRES in pediatric patients with Fanconi anemia (FA) following HSCT. This prospective study included all post-HSCT patients with underlying FA disease between 2014 and 2017. Brain computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were performed in all individuals who developed neurologic symptoms. PRES was diagnosed based on clinic-radiological evidence. Follow-up MRI was performed in all patients with PRES within two months. Forty-one patients with FA (28 males; mean age, 8.19 ± 3.25 years) were enrolled. Out of 15 patients with acute neurologic symptoms, PRES was diagnosed in 9 individuals (21.95% of the total cohort). The occurrence of PRES was significantly higher in patients who had a donor with a 1-locus mismatch (P=.02). Donor relation, stem cell source, and graft-versus-host disease grade did not have any significant association with the development of PRES. MRI showed asymmetric vasogenic edema in 5 patients, an overt infarct in 1 patient, and foci of microhemorrhages in 3 patients, 1 of whom developed a hemorrhagic infarct. This patient died shortly, and persistent microhemorrhages were noted in the other 2 patients. Our findings demonstrate a greater risk of developing PRES after HSCT in patients with FA compared with those with other diseases (21.95% versus 1% to 10%), and in contrast to its term, it might be irreversible and has adverse effects on HSCT outcomes. The increased vascular and endothelial fragility in FA may contribute to the higher frequency of PRES in these individuals. © 2020 American Society for Transplantation and Cellular Therapy
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