Effect of Build Orientation on Fracture Load and Surface Roughness of Three-Unit Provisional Fixed Partial Dentures Fabricated by Digital Light Processing

Effect of Build Orientation on Fracture Load and Surface Roughness of Three-Unit Provisional Fixed Partial Dentures Fabricated by Digital Light Processing Publisher Pubmed

Summary: How does build orientation affect 3D-printed dental fixtures? Research suggests optimal angles enhance durability & smoothness. 210° buccolingual angling shows promise! #3DPrinting #DentalResearch

Arshad M ; Hasanzade M ; Al Bahrani D H ; Mosaddad S A

Source: Head and Face Medicine Published:2026

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the effect of build orientation on the fracture load and surface roughness of three-unit provisional fixed partial dentures (FPDs) fabricated by digital light processing (DLP). Methods: In this in vitro study, standardized three-unit FPDs were designed and fabricated using a DLP 3D printer at three buccolingual angulations (150°, 180°, and 210°) and three mesiodistal angulations (0°, 15°, and 45°) (n = 12 per group). Surface roughness (Ra, µm) was measured using a profilometer, and fracture load (N) was determined using a universal testing machine. Surface roughness data were analyzed using three-way repeated-measures ANOVA, while fracture load data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey post hoc tests (α = 0.05). Results: Buccolingual and mesiodistal angulations significantly affected surface roughness (p < 0.001) and fracture load (p < 0.001). The lowest surface roughness was observed at 210° buccolingual and 45° mesiodistal angulation, whereas the highest fracture load was recorded at 210° buccolingual and 0° mesiodistal angulation. The effect of location on surface roughness was not significant (p = 0.309). Conclusions: Build orientation significantly influences the surface and mechanical performance of 3D-printed provisional FPDs. The 210-degree buccolingual angulation showed favorable outcomes under specific mesiodistal conditions; however, the optimal mesiodistal angulation depended on the desired outcome, with 45 degrees improving surface smoothness and 0 degrees enhancing fracture resistance. © The Author(s) 2026.

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Effect of Build Orientation on Fracture Load and Surface Roughness of Three-Unit Provisional Fixed Partial Dentures Fabricated by Digital Light Processing

Style	Citing Format
MLA	Arshad M, et al.. "Effect of Build Orientation on Fracture Load and Surface Roughness of Three-Unit Provisional Fixed Partial Dentures Fabricated by Digital Light Processing." Head and Face Medicine, vol. 22, no. 1, 2026, pp. -.
APA	Arshad M, Hasanzade M, Al Bahrani D H, Mosaddad S A (2026). Effect of Build Orientation on Fracture Load and Surface Roughness of Three-Unit Provisional Fixed Partial Dentures Fabricated by Digital Light Processing. Head and Face Medicine, 22(1), -.
Chicago	Arshad M, Hasanzade M, Al Bahrani D H, Mosaddad S A. "Effect of Build Orientation on Fracture Load and Surface Roughness of Three-Unit Provisional Fixed Partial Dentures Fabricated by Digital Light Processing." Head and Face Medicine 22, no. 1 (2026): -.
Harvard	Arshad M et al. (2026) 'Effect of Build Orientation on Fracture Load and Surface Roughness of Three-Unit Provisional Fixed Partial Dentures Fabricated by Digital Light Processing', Head and Face Medicine, 22(1), pp. -.
Vancouver	Arshad M, Hasanzade M, Al Bahrani D H, Mosaddad S A. Effect of Build Orientation on Fracture Load and Surface Roughness of Three-Unit Provisional Fixed Partial Dentures Fabricated by Digital Light Processing. Head and Face Medicine. 2026;22(1):-.
BibTex	@article{ author = {Arshad M and Hasanzade M and Al Bahrani D H and Mosaddad S A}, title = {Effect of Build Orientation on Fracture Load and Surface Roughness of Three-Unit Provisional Fixed Partial Dentures Fabricated by Digital Light Processing}, journal = {Head and Face Medicine}, volume = {22}, number = {1}, pages = {-}, year = {2026} }
RIS	TY - JOUR AU - Arshad M AU - Hasanzade M AU - Al Bahrani D H AU - Mosaddad S A TI - Effect of Build Orientation on Fracture Load and Surface Roughness of Three-Unit Provisional Fixed Partial Dentures Fabricated by Digital Light Processing JO - Head and Face Medicine VL - 22 IS - 1 SP - EP - PY - 2026 ER -

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