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Health Literacy Among Iranian Adults: Findings From a Nationwide Population-Based Survey in 2015; [Les Connaissances En Sante Chez Les Adultes Iraniens: Resultats D’Une Enquete En Population Nationale Menee En 2015] Publisher Pubmed



Haghdoost AA1 ; Karamouzian M2, 3 ; Jamshidi E4 ; Sharifi H2 ; Rakhshani F5 ; Mashayekhi N6 ; Rassafiani H7 ; Harofteh F8 ; Shiri M9 ; Aligol M10 ; Sotudeh H11 ; Solimanian A12 ; Tavakoli F2 ; Iranpour A2
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Modelling in Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
  2. 2. HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
  3. 3. School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
  4. 4. Community Based Participatory Research Center, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  5. 5. School of Public Health, Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  6. 6. Health Education Office, Department of Health Affairs, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
  7. 7. Health Education Office, Department of Health Affairs, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
  8. 8. Health Education & Promotion, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
  9. 9. Behavioral Sciences Research Center, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  10. 10. Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  11. 11. Health Education Office, Department of Health Affairs, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
  12. 12. Health Education Office, Health Departments, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Iran

Source: Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal Published:2019


Abstract

Background: Health literacy is one of the most important determinants of noncommunicable diseases prevention. Health literacy is associated with elevated risks for poorer access to care, adverse health outcomes, and increased hospitalization and health costs. Aims: This study aimed to determine the level of health literacy among the general adult population in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Methods: Using a cross-sectional study during 2014-2015 with a multistage cluster sampling approach, we administered a pilot-tested standardized questionnaire to assess different domains of health literacy (i.e., reading, comprehension, communication/decision-making and Interpretation/judgment skills, individual and social empowerment, health information access and health information use) among 8439 (3935 males) individuals aged 18-60 years. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews. Descriptive statistics and multivariable linear regression method using SPSS (20) were applied to identify the factors associated with health literacy among Iranian adults. Results: The mean health literacy level was 10.2±3.8 (out of 20). Only 18% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 17.15-18.78) of the participants had adequate health literacy, while 45.7% (95% CI: 44.64-46.78) had inadequate, and the 36.3% (95% CI: 35.21-37.33) had moderate health literacy. In the adjusted linear regression model, education level (the smallest β = 4.35, P < 0.001), age (β = 0.01, P = 0.002), female sex (β = 0.45, P < 0.001), residency in rural areas (β = 0.26, P < 0.001) and having permanent job (β = 1.03, P < 0.001) were significantly associated with more health literacy. Conclusion: Our findings highlighted that the Iranian adult population has an insufficient level of health literacy, which calls for comprehensive education planning to improve the levels, with special attention to certain subpopulations (e.g. illiterate populations) and domains (e.g. individual empowerment). © World Health Organization (WHO) 2019.