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Dopamine Receptors Gene Expression Pattern and Locomotor Improvement Differ Between Female and Male Zebrafish During Spinal Cord Auto Repair Publisher Pubmed



Hosseini P1, 2, 3 ; Mirsadeghi S2, 3 ; Rahmani S4 ; Izadi A5 ; Rezaei M2 ; Ghodsi Z6, 7 ; Rahimimovaghar V6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 ; Kiani S2, 3
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology and Cell Science Research Center, ROYAN Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Cell Science Research Center, ROYAN Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
  4. 4. Department of Computer Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
  5. 5. Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, ROYAN Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
  6. 6. Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  7. 7. Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  8. 8. Department of Neurosurgery, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  9. 9. Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
  10. 10. Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
  11. 11. Spine Program, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada

Source: Zebrafish Published:2022


Abstract

The dopaminergic system, a spinal cord (SC) motor circuit regulator, is administrated by sexual hormones and evolutionary conserved in all vertebrates. Accordingly, we hypothesized that the dopamine receptor (DAR) expression pattern may be dissimilar in female and male zebrafish SC auto repair. We implemented an uncomplicated method to induce spinal cord injury (SCI) on fully reproductive adult zebrafish, in both genders. SCI was induced using a 28-gauge needle at 9th-10th vertebra without skin incision. Thereupon, lesioned SC was harvested for DAR gene expression analysis; zebrafish were tracked routinely for any improvement in swim distance, speed, and their roaming capabilities/preference. Our findings revealed discrepancies between drd2a, drd2b, drd3, drd4a, and drd4b expression patterns at 1, 7, and 14 days postinjury (DPI) between female and male zebrafish. The receptors were mostly upregulated at 7 DPI in both genders, whereas drd2a and drd2b were mostly maximized in females. Surprisingly, drd3 was measured greater even in intact SC in males. In addition, female zebrafish were able to swim farther distances more accelerated, in multiple directions, by engaging more caudal muscles compared with males, of course with no statistical significance. Indeed, females were able to generate whole-body rotation and move forward using the muscles downstream to the lesion site, whereas the coordinated movement in males was accomplished by rostral muscles. In conclusion, there are differences in DAR gene expression pattern throughout SC autonomous recovery between adult female and male zebrafish, and also, female locomotion seems to ameliorate more rapidly. © 2022, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers 2022.
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