Tehran University of Medical Sciences

Science Communicator Platform

Stay connected! Follow us on X network (Twitter):
Share this content! On (X network) By
Protocol Design for Surveillance of Risk Factors of Non–Communicable Diseases During the Covid-19 Pandemic: An Experience From Iran Steps Survey 2021 Publisher Pubmed



Djalalinia S1, 2 ; Azadnajafabad S1 ; Ghasemi E1 ; Yoosefi M1 ; Rezaei N1, 3 ; Farzi Y1 ; Kazemi A1 ; Ahmadi N1 ; Nasserinejad M1, 4 ; Fattahi N1 ; Rezaei S1, 5 ; Abdolhamidi E1 ; Mehr EF1 ; Haghshenas R1 Show All Authors
Authors
  1. Djalalinia S1, 2
  2. Azadnajafabad S1
  3. Ghasemi E1
  4. Yoosefi M1
  5. Rezaei N1, 3
  6. Farzi Y1
  7. Kazemi A1
  8. Ahmadi N1
  9. Nasserinejad M1, 4
  10. Fattahi N1
  11. Rezaei S1, 5
  12. Abdolhamidi E1
  13. Mehr EF1
  14. Haghshenas R1
  15. Rezaei N1, 3
  16. Abdi J6
  17. Moghisi A7
  18. Mahdavihezaveh A7
  19. Sari AA6, 8
  20. Raeisi A7, 9
  21. Jamshidi H10
  22. Larijani B3
  23. Farzadfar F1
Show Affiliations
Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Development of Research and Technology Center, Deputy of Research and Technology, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  4. 4. Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  5. 5. Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
  6. 6. National Institute for Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  7. 7. Deputy of Health, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
  8. 8. Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  9. 9. School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
  10. 10. Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Source: Archives of Iranian Medicine Published:2022


Abstract

Background: Regarding the growing burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and exposure to their risk factors, and the continuous need for nationwide data, we aimed to develop the latest round of the STEPwise Approach to NCD Risk Factor Surveillance (STEPS) survey in 2021 in Iran, while the COVID-19 pandemic was still present. Methods: In addition to the three main steps of this survey, including questionnaires, physical measurements, and laboratory assessments, we adapted the survey with the situation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, by adding to various aspects of study phases and changing some scientific and executive procedures in this round of STEPS survey in Iran. These changes were beyond the initial novelties embedded within the survey before the pandemic, by refining the study protocol benefiting from the previous experiences of the STEPS survey. Results: By amending the required changes, we could include a total of 27 874 individuals in the first step of the survey. This number was 27 745 and 18 119 for the second and third steps. Comparing the preliminary results with the previous nationwide surveys, this study was highly representative on both national and provincial levels. Also, implementing the COVID-19 prevention and control strategies in all stages of survey led to the least infection transmission between the study investigators and participants. Conclusion: The novel initiatives and developed strategies in this round of Iran STEPS survey provide a state-of-the-art protocol for national surveys in the presence of an overwhelming catastrophe like the COVID-19 pandemic and the triggered limitations and shortages of resources. © 2022 Academy of Medical Sciences of I.R. Iran. All rights reserved.
Related Docs
View other Related Docs
1. The First Nationally and Sub-Nationally Representative Non-Communicable Diseases Cohort Study in Iran: Iran Cohort Study (Ics) Protocol, Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders (2023)
2. Importance of Population-Wide Studies in Controlling Noncommunicable Diseases: Achievements of Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Iranian Journal of Diabetes and Metabolism (2021)
3. Non-Communicable Diseases’ Risk Factors in Iran; a Review of the Present Status and Action Plans, Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders (2021)
4. National and Provincial Prevalence of Cigarette Smoking in Iran; a Systematic Analysis of 12 Years of Steps Experience, Archives of Iranian Medicine (2023)
5. A Nationwide Study of Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence in Iran; a Comparative Analysis of Six Definitions, PLoS ONE (2021)
6. Risk of Incident Cardiovascular Diseases at National and Subnational Levels in Iran From 2000 to 2016 and Projection Through 2030: Insights From Iran Steps Surveys, PLoS ONE (2023)
7. Patterns of Case Fatality and Hospitalization Duration Among Nearly 1 Million Hospitalized Covid-19 Patients Covered by Iran Health Insurance Organization (Ihio) Over Two Years of Pandemic: An Analysis of Associated Factors, PLoS ONE (2024)
8. Disparities and Spatial Variations of High Salt Intake in Iran: A Subnational Study of Districts Based on the Small Area Estimation Method, Public Health Nutrition (2021)
Experts (# of related papers)
View all Related Experts
Farshad Farzadfar (25)
Bagher Larijani (19)
Other Related Docs
9. Metabolic Risk Factors Attributed Burden in Iran at National and Subnational Levels, 1990 to 2019, Frontiers in Public Health (2023)
10. The Association Between the Nordic-Style Diet Score and Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity in Tehranian Adults, Nutrition Today (2021)
11. Prevalence of Diabetes and Prediabetes, and Achievements in Diabetes Control in Iran; the Results of the Steps of 2016, Archives of Iranian Medicine (2022)
12. Evaluation of the Diabetes Care Cascade and Compliance With Who Global Coverage Targets in Iran Based on Steps Survey 2021, Scientific Reports (2023)
13. Inequalities in the Prevalence, Diagnosis Awareness, Treatment Coverage and Effective Control of Diabetes: A Small Area Estimation Analysis in Iran, BMC Endocrine Disorders (2023)
14. Protocol Design for Large-Scale Cross-Sectional Studies of Surveillance of Risk Factors of Non-Communicable Diseases in Iran: Steps 2016, Archives of Iranian Medicine (2017)
15. Obesity and Healthy Lifestyle During the Covid-19 Pandemic, Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences (2021)
16. The Levels of Bmi and Patterns of Obesity and Overweight During the Covid-19 Pandemic: Experience From the Iran Steps 2021 Survey, Frontiers in Endocrinology (2022)
17. Level and Trend of Total Plasma Cholesterol in National and Subnational of Iran: A Systematic Review and Age-Spatio-Temporal Analysis From 1990 to 2016, Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders (2022)
18. Prevalence and Trends of Coronary Artery Disease Risk Factors and Their Effect on Age of Diagnosis in Patients With Established Coronary Artery Disease: Tehran Heart Center (2005–2015), BMC Cardiovascular Disorders (2021)
19. Cohort Profile: The Zahedan Adult Cohort Study (Zacs) - a Prospective Study of Non-Communicable Diseases in Sistani and Baluch Populations, International Journal of Epidemiology (2022)
20. Estimates of Incidence, Prevalence, Mortality, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years of Lung Cancer in Iran, 1990–2019: A Systematic Analysis From the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019, Cancer Medicine (2022)
21. A Pilot Study Using Financial Transactions’ Spatial Information to Define High-Risk Neighborhoods and Distribution Pattern of Covid-19, Digital Health (2022)
22. Estimating the Attributable Risk of Vascular Disorders in Different Ranges of Fasting Plasma Glucose and Assessing the Effectiveness of Anti-Diabetes Agents on Risk Reduction; Questioning the Current Diagnostic Criteria, Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders (2020)
23. Estimation of Myocardial Infarction Death in Iran: Artificial Neural Network, BMC Cardiovascular Disorders (2022)
24. Patterns of Obesity and Overweight in the Iranian Population: Findings of Steps 2016, Frontiers in Endocrinology (2020)
25. Non-Communicable Diseases in the Southwest of Iran: Profile and Baseline Data From the Shahrekord Persian Cohort Study, BMC Public Health (2021)
26. Sex Disparity in the Burden of Ncds and Its Four Main Subgroups in Iran 1990–2019: A Systematic Analysis From the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019, Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders (2024)
27. Women Participation in Health Research of Iran: Analysis of Challenges and Strategies With Literature of Review, Iranian Journal of Public Health (2023)
28. Is Salt Intake Reduction a Universal Intervention for Both Normotensive and Hypertensive People: A Case From Iran Steps Survey 2016, European Journal of Nutrition (2020)
29. Current Inequities in Smoking Prevalence on District Level in Iran: A Systematic Analysis on the Steps Survey, Journal of Research in Health Sciences (2022)
30. Drug Prescription Patterns and Their Association With Mortality and Hospitalization Duration in Covid-19 Patients: Insights From Big Data, Frontiers in Public Health (2023)
31. Development of Evaluation System for Iranian Health Research Networks: Challenges and Lessons Learned, Iranian Journal of Public Health (2020)
32. ‘Inequalities in Prevalence of Hypertension, Prehypertension, Anti-Hypertensive Coverage, Awareness, and Effective Treatment in 429 Districts of Iran; a Population-Based Steps 2016 Small Area Spatial Estimation Model’, Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders (2023)
33. Association Between Being Metabolically Healthy/Unhealthy and Metabolic Syndrome in Iranian Adults, PLoS ONE (2022)
34. Burden of Non-Communicable Diseases in Iran: Past, Present, and Future, Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders (2020)
35. Assessing the Effect of Socioeconomic Factors on Prevalence of Dyslipidemia Among Iranian Adult Population; District Level Analysis From 2016 Steps National Study Using Small Area Estimation, Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders (2022)
36. Prevalence of Smoking Among Iranian Adults: Findings of the National Steps Survey 2016, Archives of Iranian Medicine (2020)
37. Cardiometabolic Risk Factors Trend in Iranian Adults With Hypertension Over 15 Years: Findings of Nationwide Steps of 2007–2021, Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders (2024)
38. Obesity Researches in Youth: A Scientometrics Study in Middle East Countries, Journal of Research in Medical Sciences (2021)
39. The Diabetes Cascade of Care Through the 14 Years in Iran: Findings of Nationwide Steps Surveys 2007–2021, Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders (2023)
40. General and Abdominal Obesity Trends in the Iranian Adult Population From 2004 to 2021, Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders (2023)