Removal of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (Nsaids) From Aqueous Solution by Ultrasound-Based Aops: A Systematic Review Publisher



S Sheikhi SAMIRA ; A Javid ALLAHBAKHSH ; H Aslani HASSAN ; Nb Yazdi Niloufar BORHANI ; Mh Dehghani Mohammad HADI
Source: Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering Published:2025

Abstract

Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs), a widely used class of pharmaceuticals known for their antipyretic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory properties, are extensively consumed worldwide. The hydrophilic nature and molecular stability of these compounds have made them among the most common pharmaceutical residues identified in aquatic environments. Removing NSAIDs from aqueous solutions using ultrasound (US)-based Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) is an innovative and effective approach for water treatment. In the present study, US-based processes were investigated in the presence and absence of catalysts. Based on the abundance, catalysts were classified into 4 groups: Fe-based, Zn-based, Ti-based, and other catalysts. Also, the effects of process variables (including pH, reaction time, initial drug concentration, temperature, US frequency, and power) were discussed. In total, 60 studies were included in this review. The average removal efficiency of NSAIDs by mentioned catalysts were 87.33%, 82.50%, 88.87% 88.54%, respectively. Of course, it should be noted that depending on the conditions applied in the system, the efficiency of the process can be changed. Generally, US-based AOPs when combined with catalysts, are widely regarded as an effective and reliable approach for removing NSAIDs from aqueous environments, due to their good performance. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.