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Tick-Borne Pathogens in Iran: A Meta-Analysis Publisher



Khoobdel M1 ; Jafari AS2 ; Telmadarraiy Z3 ; Sedaghat MM1 ; Bakhshi H4
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Health Research Center, LifeStyle Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
  3. 3. Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  4. 4. Vector-borne Diseases Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran

Source: Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine Published:2021


Abstract

Objective: Different studies have been performed on the prevalence of tick-borne pathogens in different areas of Iran; however, as far as our knowledge, there is no regional meta-analysis available for consideration and estimation of tick species infected with different pathogens in Iran. Methods: In this review, among different databases, a total of 95 publications were included, and the infection of different tick species to different tick-borne pathogens was determined; furthermore, presence of pathogens (with 95% confidence intervals) in tick vectors was calculated separately for each province, using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis version 2 (Biostat, USA). Results: Totally, among all 95 studies, 5 673 out of 33 521 investigated ticks were positive according to different detection methods. Overall estimated presence of pathogens in tick vectors in Iran was 8.6% (95% CI 7.0%-10.6%, P 0.001). Of all 46 species of ticks in 10 genera in Iran, 28 species in 9 genera, including Alveonasus, Argas, Boophilus, Dermacentor, Haemaphysalis, Hyalomma, Ixodes, Ornithodoros, and Rhipicephalus were infected with at least 20 pathogens in 10 genera including Aegyptianella, Anaplasma, Babesia, Borrelia, Brucella, Orthonairovirus [CrimeanCongo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV)], Coxiella, Ehrlichia, Rickettsia and Theileria in 26 provinces of Iran. The presence of pathogens in ticks collected in western Iran was more than other regions. Hyalomma anatolicum (20.35%), Rhipicephalus sanguineus (15.00%), and Rhipicephalus bursa (14.08%) were the most prevalent infected ticks for different pathogens. In addition, most literatures were related to CCHFV and Theileria/Babesia spp. Conclusions: Public health and veterinary professionals should be aware of diagnosing possible diseases or outbreaks in vertebrates. © 2021 Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine Produced by Wolters KluwerMedknow. All rights reserved.
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