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A Multinational Delphi Consensus to End the Covid-19 Public Health Threat Publisher Pubmed



Lazarus JV1, 2, 3 ; Romero D3 ; Kopka CJ4 ; Karim SA5, 6 ; Aburaddad LJ7, 8 ; Almeida G9 ; Baptistaleite R10, 11, 12 ; Barocas JA13 ; Barreto ML14, 15 ; Baryam Y16 ; Bassat Q1, 17, 18, 19, 20 ; Batista C21, 22 ; Bazilian M23 ; Chiou ST24 Show All Authors
Authors
  1. Lazarus JV1, 2, 3
  2. Romero D3
  3. Kopka CJ4
  4. Karim SA5, 6
  5. Aburaddad LJ7, 8
  6. Almeida G9
  7. Baptistaleite R10, 11, 12
  8. Barocas JA13
  9. Barreto ML14, 15
  10. Baryam Y16
  11. Bassat Q1, 17, 18, 19, 20
  12. Batista C21, 22
  13. Bazilian M23
  14. Chiou ST24
  15. Del Rio C25
  16. Dore GJ26
  17. Gao GF27
  18. Gostin LO28
  19. Hellard M29
  20. Jimenez JL30, 31
  21. Kang G32
  22. Lee N33
  23. Maticic M34, 35
  24. Mckee M36
  25. Nsanzimana S37
  26. Oliubarton M38
  27. Pradelski B39
  28. Pyzik O40
  29. Rabin K3
  30. Raina S41
  31. Rashid SF42
  32. Rathe M43
  33. Saenz R44
  34. Singh S45
  35. Trockhempler M46
  36. Villapol S47
  37. Yap P48
  38. Binagwaho A49
  39. Kamarulzaman A50
  40. Elmohandes A3
  41. Abdulla S51
  42. Addleman S52
  43. Aghayeva G53
  44. Agius R54
  45. Ahmed M55
  46. Ramy MA56
  47. Aide P17
  48. Aleman S57
  49. Alfred JP58
  50. Ali S59
  51. Aliaga J60
  52. Aloudat T21
  53. Alqahtani SA62
  54. Alsalman J63
  55. Amuasi JH64
  56. Agrawal A65
  57. Anwar W66
  58. Araujojorge T14
  59. Artaza O67
  60. Asadi L68
  61. Awuku Y69
  62. Baker M70
  63. Barberia L71
  64. Bascolo E9
  65. Belcher P72
  66. Bell L73
  67. Benzaken A74
  68. Bergholtz E75
  69. Bhadelia N76
  70. Bhan A77
  71. Bilodeau S78
  72. Bitran R79
  73. Bluyssen P80
  74. Bosman A81
  75. Bozza FA14
  76. Brinkmann MM82
  77. Brown A83
  78. Mellado B84
  79. Bukusi E85
  80. Bullen C45
  81. Buonanno G86
  82. Burgess R40
  83. Butler M87
  84. Byakikakibwika P88
  85. Cabieses B89
  86. Carlsson G90
  87. Cascini F91
  88. Chabala C92
  89. Chakroun M93
  90. Cheng KK94
  91. Chetty A95
  92. Chumachenko D96
  93. Consalves G97
  94. Conway Morris A98
  95. Cordie A99
  96. Corrah T100
  97. Crabtreeramirez B101
  98. Dashdorj N102
  99. Davidovitch N103
  100. De Souza LE15
  101. Dhariwal AC104
  102. Druica E105
  103. Ergonul O106
  104. Erondu NA28
  105. Essar MY107
  106. Ewing A108
  107. Fanjul G1
  108. Feierstein D109
  109. Feiglding E110
  110. Figueroa R111
  111. Figueroa JP112
  112. Fisher D113
  113. Flores W114
  114. Foreropena DA115
  115. Frumkin H116
  116. Gamkrelidze A117
  117. Gandhi M118
  118. Garcia P119
  119. Garciabasteiro AL1
  120. Garciasastre A120
  121. Garg S121
  122. Gbeasorkomlanvi FA122
  123. Gershenson C123
  124. Gilada I124
  125. Giovanella L14
  126. Gonzalez M125
  127. Green MS126
  128. Greenhalgh T127
  129. Griffin P128
  130. Griffin S129
  131. Grinsztejn B130
  132. Anand T131
  133. Guerra G132
  134. Guinto R133
  135. Gujski M134
  136. Guner R135
  137. Hamdy A136
  138. Hancean MG105
  139. Haniffa A137
  140. Hartigango KY138
  141. Hassan HK139, 146
  142. Hay SI116
  143. Heino MTJ140
  144. Hel Z141
  145. Hotez P142
  146. Hu J143
  147. Hukic M144
  148. Ijsselmuiden C145
  149. Iroko D69
  150. Iskarous M139, 146
  151. Izugbara C147
  152. Jacobs C92
  153. Jadad AR148
  154. Jehan F149
  155. Jordan A150
  156. Jroundi I151
  157. Kain K152
  158. Kamberi F153
  159. Karamov E154
  160. Karan A155
  161. Katz R28
  162. Katzourakis A127
  163. Kazembe A156
  164. Khamis F157
  165. Khamzayev K158
  166. Khanyola J49
  167. Khunti K159
  168. Kigulimalwadde E160
  169. Kim WJ161
  170. Kirenga BJ88
  171. Klimovsky D162
  172. Kmush BL163
  173. Knaul F164
  174. Kogevinas M1
  175. Kristensen F165
  176. Kumar D41
  177. Kumar R166
  178. Kvalsvig A70
  179. Lacerda MV14
  180. Lal A167
  181. Lawton T168
  182. Lemery J13
  183. Leonardi AJ169
  184. Li Y170
  185. Lottvall J108
  186. Lounis M171
  187. Maceira D172
  188. Macintyre CR26
  189. Madani A173
  190. Magiorkinis G174
  191. Malekzadeh R175
  192. Choisy M176
  193. Marcelin JR177
  194. Marks GB26
  195. Marr L178
  196. Marrazzo J141
  197. Martina A179
  198. Martinmoreno JM180
  199. Mateos C181
  200. Mayxay M182
  201. Mazarati JB183
  202. Mboup S184
  203. Mcdonald J52
  204. Mcmillan F26
  205. Mechili E153
  206. Medici A185
  207. Davis SLM61
  208. Meier P186
  209. Memish ZA187
  210. Menon J188
  211. Menon P189
  212. Mesianocrookston J190
  213. Michie S40
  214. Mikolasevic I191
  215. Milicevic O192
  216. Mishra AK193
  217. Mohamed R99
  218. Mokdad AH116
  219. Monroyvalle M194
  220. Morawska L195
  221. Moschos SA196
  222. Motawea K197
  223. Mousavi SH198
  224. Mumtaz G199
  225. Munene PK200
  226. Munoz Almagro C201
  227. Muriuki J202
  228. Muyingo S203
  229. Naniche D1
  230. Naylor CD152
  231. Ndembi N204
  232. Nemec J205
  233. Nesteruk I206
  234. Ngaruiya C207
  235. Nguyen H208
  236. Nikolova D209
  237. Nitzan D103
  238. Norheim O210
  239. Noushad M211
  240. Ntoumi F212, 213
  241. Nyborg GA16, 214
  242. Ochodo E85
  243. Odabasi Z215
  244. Okwen MP216
  245. Olivia K217
  246. Ong DSY218
  247. Opara I219
  248. Orozco M220
  249. Oshitani H221
  250. Pagel C40
  251. Pai M222
  252. Palsdottir B223
  253. Papatheodoridis G174
  254. Paraskevis D174
  255. Leigh JP224
  256. Pecoul B225
  257. Peichl A226
  258. Perezthen E227
  259. Duc PP228
  260. Philippe C229
  261. Pineda Rojas A230
  262. Pladsen C231
  263. Pozniak A232
  264. Quiroga R233
  265. Qureshi H234
  266. Rampal S50
  267. Ranney M235
  268. Rathe L43
  269. Ratzan S3
  270. Raventos H44
  271. Rees H84
  272. Reis R21
  273. Ricciardi W91
  274. Rizk N199
  275. Robalo M236
  276. Robertson E237
  277. Robinson L29
  278. Rokx C238
  279. Ros T239
  280. Rottingen JA240
  281. Rubin M241
  282. Ruxrungtam K242
  283. Sadirova S243
  284. Saha S244
  285. Salgado N245
  286. Sanchez L246
  287. Sangaramoorthy T247
  288. Santamariaulloa C44
  289. Santos R21
  290. Sawaf B248
  291. Schneider MF249
  292. Schooley RT250
  293. Sener A251
  294. Sepulveda J118
  295. Shah J198
  296. Shibani M252
  297. Shoib S253
  298. Sikazwe I254
  299. Simaitis A255
  300. Gill AS48
  301. Skhvitaridze N117
  302. Sokolovic M72
  303. Solomon R256
  304. Solorzano X257
  305. Springer SA207
  306. Srol J258
  307. Staines A259
  308. Stelfox HT260
  309. Strathdee S250
  310. Sulaiman LH261
  311. Sutton B262
  312. Svanaes D263
  313. Swed S264
  314. Sypsa V174
  315. Sorensen K265
  316. Tajudeen R266
  317. Tan A267
  318. Tang J157
  319. Tanner M268
  320. Sethi T269
  321. Temmerman M270
  322. Than KK271
  323. Tinto H272
  324. Tometissi SP273
  325. Torres I274
  326. Tshering KP275
  327. Tsiodras S174
  328. Tsofa B85
  329. Vahlne A57
  330. Vargas JR44
  331. Bernal IDV276
  332. Ventura D71
  333. Vilasanjuan R1
  334. Vipond J260
  335. Wamalaandersson S277
  336. Wargocki P278
  337. West R40
  338. Weyand A279
  339. White TM1, 280
  340. Wolff G281
  341. Yao M282
  342. Yates CA283
  343. Yeboah G284
  344. Yeesin L285
  345. Yi S113
  346. Teo YY113
  347. Yong P242
  348. Zamoramesia V286
  349. Ovrehus A287
Show Affiliations
Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
  2. 2. Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
  3. 3. City University of New York Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy (CUNY SPH), New York City, NY, United States
  4. 4. Independent Researcher, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
  5. 5. University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
  6. 6. Centre for the AIDS Program of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa
  7. 7. Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
  8. 8. Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation-Education City, Doha, Qatar
  9. 9. Pan American Health Organisation, Washington, DC, United States
  10. 10. UNITE Global Parliamentarians Network, Lisbon, Portugal
  11. 11. Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
  12. 12. Institute of Health Sciences (CIIS), Catholic University of Portugal, Lisbon, Portugal
  13. 13. University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
  14. 14. Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
  15. 15. University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
  16. 16. New England Complex Systems Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
  17. 17. Manhica Health Research Center (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
  18. 18. Catalan Institute for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
  19. 19. Pediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
  20. 20. Biomedical Research Consortium in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
  21. 21. Doctors Without Borders (MSF), Geneva, Switzerland
  22. 22. Baraka Impact Finance, Geneva, Switzerland
  23. 23. Payne Institute, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, United States
  24. 24. National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
  25. 25. Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
  26. 26. University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  27. 27. Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
  28. 28. The O’Neill Institute for National and Global Health Law, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
  29. 29. Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  30. 30. Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
  31. 31. Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
  32. 32. Christian Medical College (CMC), Vellore, India
  33. 33. Wilton Park, Steyning, United Kingdom
  34. 34. Clinic for Infectious Diseases and Febrile Illnesses, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia
  35. 35. Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
  36. 36. The London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
  37. 37. University Teaching Hospital of Butare, Butare, Rwanda
  38. 38. Paris Dauphine University - PSL, Paris, France
  39. 39. French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), Grenoble, France
  40. 40. University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom
  41. 41. Dr. Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College, Himachal Pradesh, India
  42. 42. James P. Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
  43. 43. Plenitud Foundation, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
  44. 44. University of Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica
  45. 45. Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
  46. 46. Independent Philosopher, Copenhagen, Denmark
  47. 47. Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
  48. 48. International Digital Health & AI Research Collaborative (I-DAIR), Geneva, Switzerland
  49. 49. University of Global Health Equity, Kigali, Rwanda
  50. 50. University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
  51. 51. Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
  52. 52. University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
  53. 53. Baku Health Centre, Baku, Azerbaijan
  54. 54. The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
  55. 55. Mogadishu University, Mogadishu, Somalia
  56. 56. Generations for Health, Madrid, Spain
  57. 57. Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
  58. 58. Ministry of Health and Population, Port-au-Prince, Haiti
  59. 59. Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya
  60. 60. Hurlingham National University, Hurlingham, Argentina
  61. 61. Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva, Switzerland
  62. 62. King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  63. 63. Salmaniya Medical Complex, Manama, Bahrain
  64. 64. Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
  65. 65. Trivedi School of Biosciences, Ashoka University, Sonepat, India
  66. 66. Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
  67. 67. Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of The Americas, Santiago, Chile
  68. 68. University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
  69. 69. University of Health and Allied Sciences, Volta, Ho, Ghana
  70. 70. University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
  71. 71. University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
  72. 72. European Public Health Alliance, Brussels, Belgium
  73. 73. Ministry of Health and Wellness Belize, Belmopan, Belize
  74. 74. Aids Healthcare Foundation, Sao Paulo, Brazil
  75. 75. Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
  76. 76. Boston University Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases Policy and Research (CEID), Boston, MA, United States
  77. 77. Centre For Ethics, Yenepoya University, Mangaluru, India
  78. 78. Smart Phases, Plattsburgh, NY, United States
  79. 79. Bitran y Asociados, Santiago, Chile
  80. 80. Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
  81. 81. Transmissible, Houten, Netherlands
  82. 82. Institute of Genetics, Technische Universitat Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
  83. 83. Management Sciences for Health, Medford, MA, United States
  84. 84. University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
  85. 85. Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
  86. 86. University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Cassino, Italy
  87. 87. King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
  88. 88. Department of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
  89. 89. Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
  90. 90. The Global Fund, Geneva, Switzerland
  91. 91. Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
  92. 92. University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
  93. 93. Fattouma Bourguiba Teaching Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia
  94. 94. Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
  95. 95. Ministry of Health Seychelles, Victoria, Seychelles
  96. 96. National Aerospace University “Kharkiv Aviation Institute�, Kharkiv, Ukraine
  97. 97. Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States
  98. 98. University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
  99. 99. Cairo University Hospitals, Cairo, Egypt
  100. 100. Africa Research Excellence Fund (AREF), London, United Kingdom
  101. 101. Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico
  102. 102. Onom Foundation, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
  103. 103. Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel
  104. 104. National Centre for Disease Control and National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme, Government of India, Delhi, India
  105. 105. University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
  106. 106. Koc University Isbank Center for Infectious Diseases, Istanbul, Turkey
  107. 107. Kabul University of Medical Sciences, Kabul, Afghanistan
  108. 108. University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
  109. 109. CONICET/National University of Tres de Febrero, Caseros, Argentina
  110. 110. Federation of American Scientists, Washington, DC, United States
  111. 111. Social Security Board, Belize City, Belize
  112. 112. The University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
  113. 113. National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
  114. 114. Center for the Study of Equity and Governance in Health Systems, Guatemala City, Guatemala
  115. 115. Biomedical Research and Therapeutic Vaccines Institute, Ciudad Bolivar, Venezuela
  116. 116. Department of Health Metrics Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
  117. 117. National Center for Disease Control and Public Health of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia
  118. 118. UCSF, San Francisco, CA, United States
  119. 119. School of Public Health, Cayetano Heredia University, Lima, Peru
  120. 120. Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, United States
  121. 121. MAMC & Associated Hospitals New Delhi, New Delhi, India
  122. 122. University of Lome, Lome, Togo
  123. 123. Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
  124. 124. Organised Medicine Academic Guild—OMAG, Mumbai, India
  125. 125. Simon Bolivar University, Caracas, Venezuela
  126. 126. University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
  127. 127. University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
  128. 128. University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
  129. 129. University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
  130. 130. National Institute of Infectology Evandro Chagas-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
  131. 131. Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
  132. 132. National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
  133. 133. St Luke’s Medical Center College of Medicine, Quezon City, Philippines
  134. 134. Department of Public Health, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
  135. 135. Ankara City Hospital Infectious Diseases and Clinical Mirobiology, Ankara, Turkey
  136. 136. Independent Researcher, Port Louis, Mauritius
  137. 137. Ministry of Health, Colombo, Sri Lanka
  138. 138. Ateneo School of Government, Quezon City, Philippines
  139. 139. Independent Consultant, Cairo, Egypt
  140. 140. University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
  141. 141. University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
  142. 142. National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
  143. 143. 19 To Zero, Calgary, AB, Canada
  144. 144. Center for Disease Control and Geohealth Studies, Academy of Sciences and Arts of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
  145. 145. COHRED, Geneva, Switzerland
  146. 146. Independent Consultant, Cairo, Egypt
  147. 147. International Center for Research on Women, Washington, DC, United States
  148. 148. Centre for Digital Therapeutics, Toronto, ON, Canada
  149. 149. Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
  150. 150. NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, NY, United States
  151. 151. School of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco
  152. 152. University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
  153. 153. Research Centre of Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Vlore “Ismail Qemali� Albania, Vlore, Albania
  154. 154. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation
  155. 155. Division of Infectious Disease & Geographic Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
  156. 156. Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
  157. 157. Royal Hospital, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman
  158. 158. Tashkent Pediatric Medical Institute, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
  159. 159. University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
  160. 160. African Center for Global Health and Social Transformation, Kampala, Uganda
  161. 161. Division of Infectious Diseases, Guro Hospital, College of Medicine Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
  162. 162. Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
  163. 163. Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States
  164. 164. University of Miami Institute for Advanced Study of the Americas, Coral Gables, FL, United States
  165. 165. Coalition of Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI), Oslo, Norway
  166. 166. Institute of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Greater Noida, India
  167. 167. London School of Economics & Political Science, London, United Kingdom
  168. 168. Bradford Institute for Health Research & Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
  169. 169. St Georges University of London, London, United Kingdom
  170. 170. The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
  171. 171. University Ziane Achour Djelfa, Djelfa, Algeria
  172. 172. University of Buenos Aires/Health Systems Global, Buenos Aires, Argentina
  173. 173. Faculty of Social and Human Sciences, Khemis-Miliana University, Khemis Miliana, Algeria
  174. 174. National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
  175. 175. Digestive Disease Research Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  176. 176. Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
  177. 177. University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
  178. 178. Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
  179. 179. University of Cabo Verde, Praia, Cape Verde
  180. 180. Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health and INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
  181. 181. Instituto #SaludsinBulos, Madrid, Spain
  182. 182. University of Health Sciences, Ministry of Health, Vientiane, Laos
  183. 183. Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics, Geneva, Switzerland
  184. 184. Institute of Health Research Epidemiological Surveillance and Trainings (IRESSEF), Dakar, Senegal
  185. 185. Universal Health Monitor, Bethesda, MD, United States
  186. 186. University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
  187. 187. King Saud Medical City, Ministry of Health and College of Medicine Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  188. 188. Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, India
  189. 189. International Food Policy Research Institute, New Delhi, India
  190. 190. Goldman Hine LLP, Toronto, ON, Canada
  191. 191. Department of Gastroeterology, University Hospital Center Riejka, Riejka, Croatia
  192. 192. School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
  193. 193. MaREI Centre, Ryan Institute & School of Engineering, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
  194. 194. University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
  195. 195. Queensland University of Technolgy, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
  196. 196. Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
  197. 197. Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
  198. 198. New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, United States
  199. 199. American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
  200. 200. Faith to Action Network, Nairobi, Kenya
  201. 201. International University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
  202. 202. IntraHealth International, Nairobi, Kenya
  203. 203. African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya
  204. 204. Africa Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
  205. 205. Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
  206. 206. Institute of Hydromechanics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
  207. 207. Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
  208. 208. International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
  209. 209. University Clinic of Gastroenterohepatology, Faculty of Medicine, University “Ss. Cyril and Methodius�, Skopje, North Macedonia
  210. 210. University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
  211. 211. College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  212. 212. Congolese Foundation for Medical Research, Brazzaville, Congo
  213. 213. Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tubingen, Tubingen, Germany
  214. 214. Covid Action Group, World Health Network, Son, Norway
  215. 215. Department of Infectious Diseases, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
  216. 216. Effective Basic Services (eBASE) Africa, Bamenda, Cameroon
  217. 217. University of Geneva, Institute of Global Health, Geneva, Switzerland
  218. 218. Franciscus Gasthuis en Vlietland, Rotterdam, Netherlands
  219. 219. Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
  220. 220. International Independent Expert on Health Systems, Managua, Nicaragua
  221. 221. Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
  222. 222. McGill School of Population and Global Health, Montreal, QC, Canada
  223. 223. Training for Health Equity Network: THEnet, New York City, NY, United States
  224. 224. Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
  225. 225. Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative, Geneva, Switzerland
  226. 226. ifo Institute at the University of Munich, Munich, Germany
  227. 227. Two Oceans in Health, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
  228. 228. Vietnam One Health University Network (VOHUN), Hanoi University of Public Health (HUPH), Hanoi, Viet Nam
  229. 229. Molinari Economic Institute, Paris, France
  230. 230. CIMA, UMI-IFAECI/CNRS, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires-UBA/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
  231. 231. National Health Care for the Homeless Council, Nashville, TN, United States
  232. 232. Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
  233. 233. INFIQC-CONICET, National University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Argentina
  234. 234. Department of Botany, University of Chakwal, Chakwal, Pakistan
  235. 235. Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
  236. 236. Institute for Global Health and Development, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau
  237. 237. NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
  238. 238. Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
  239. 239. Africa Europe Foundation, Brussels, Belgium
  240. 240. Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
  241. 241. Kohelet Policy Forum, Jerusalem, Israel
  242. 242. Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
  243. 243. Research Institute of Virology under the Ministry of Health of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
  244. 244. Child Health Research Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh
  245. 245. National Institute of Public Health, Mexico City, Mexico
  246. 246. Center of Molecular Immunology, La Havana, Cuba
  247. 247. University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
  248. 248. Internal Medicine Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
  249. 249. Technical University of Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
  250. 250. University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
  251. 251. Infectious Disease Department, Izmir Katip Celebi University Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
  252. 252. Faculty of Medicine, Syrian Private University, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic
  253. 253. Department of Psychiatry, Jawahar Lal Nehru Memorial Hospital, Srinagar, India
  254. 254. Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia (CIDRZ), Lusaka, Zambia
  255. 255. The Office of the Government of the Republic of Lithuania, Vilnius, Lithuania
  256. 256. CORE Group Polio Project India, Delhi, India
  257. 257. Independent Consultant, Quito, Ecuador
  258. 258. Institute of Experimental Psychology, Centre of Social and Psychological Sciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
  259. 259. Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
  260. 260. University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
  261. 261. Institute for Research, Development and Innovation, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
  262. 262. Department of Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  263. 263. Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
  264. 264. Faculty of Medicine, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syrian Arab Republic
  265. 265. Global Health Literacy Academy, Risskov, Denmark
  266. 266. African Union, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
  267. 267. University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
  268. 268. Swiss Academies of Arts and Sciences, Bern, Switzerland
  269. 269. Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, Delhi, India
  270. 270. Centre of Excellence in Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya
  271. 271. Burnet Institute Myanmar, Yangon, Myanmar
  272. 272. Institute for Health Sciences Research (CNRST/IRSS), Nanoro, Burkina Faso
  273. 273. People’s Health Movement, Abomey-Calavi, Benin
  274. 274. Fundacion Octaedro, Quito, Ecuador
  275. 275. Khesar Gyalpo University of Medical Sciences of Bhutan, Thimphu, Bhutan
  276. 276. Antioquia University, Medellin, Colombia
  277. 277. Malardalens University, Malardalens, Sweden
  278. 278. Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
  279. 279. University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
  280. 280. Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
  281. 281. Bruegel Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
  282. 282. College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
  283. 283. University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
  284. 284. African Forum for Research and Education in Health, Kumasi, Ghana
  285. 285. National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore
  286. 286. Gobierna Consulting Firm, Lima, Peru
  287. 287. Department of Infectious Diseases, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

Source: Nature Published:2022


Abstract

Despite notable scientific and medical advances, broader political, socioeconomic and behavioural factors continue to undercut the response to the COVID-19 pandemic1,2. Here we convened, as part of this Delphi study, a diverse, multidisciplinary panel of 386 academic, health, non-governmental organization, government and other experts in COVID-19 response from 112 countries and territories to recommend specific actions to end this persistent global threat to public health. The panel developed a set of 41 consensus statements and 57 recommendations to governments, health systems, industry and other key stakeholders across six domains: communication; health systems; vaccination; prevention; treatment and care; and inequities. In the wake of nearly three years of fragmented global and national responses, it is instructive to note that three of the highest-ranked recommendations call for the adoption of whole-of-society and whole-of-government approaches1, while maintaining proven prevention measures using a vaccines-plus approach2 that employs a range of public health and financial support measures to complement vaccination. Other recommendations with at least 99% combined agreement advise governments and other stakeholders to improve communication, rebuild public trust and engage communities3 in the management of pandemic responses. The findings of the study, which have been further endorsed by 184 organizations globally, include points of unanimous agreement, as well as six recommendations with >5% disagreement, that provide health and social policy actions to address inadequacies in the pandemic response and help to bring this public health threat to an end. © 2022, The Author(s).