Waterpipe and Cigarette Smoking and Drug and Alcohol Consumption, and the Risk of Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: A Population-Based Case-Control Study

Waterpipe and Cigarette Smoking and Drug and Alcohol Consumption, and the Risk of Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: A Population-Based Case-Control Study Publisher

Mortazavi SH¹ ; Naser Moghadasi A¹ ; Almasihashiani A^{2, 3} ; Sahraian MA¹ ; Goudarzi H^{4, 5} ; Eskandarieh S¹

Show Affiliations

1. Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
2. Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
3. Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
4. Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
5. Center for Medical Education and International Relations, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan

Source: Current Journal of Neurology Published:2023

Abstract

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic central nervous system disease, and primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) is one the main types of MS, which has unknown environmental risk factors. The present study was conducted with the aim to identify the association of waterpipe and cigarette smoking, substance abuse, and alcohol consumption with the risk of PPMS development. Methods: A population-based, case-control study was conducted in Tehran, Iran, on 146 PPMS cases and 294 controls. PPMS cases were diagnosed and confirmed by neurologists. Standard random digit dialing was used to select sex-matched healthy control participants from the same source population as the cases. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios (OR). Results: In total, 440 subjects participated in the study. © 2023 Iranian Neurological Association, and Tehran University of Medical Sciences Published by Tehran University of Medical Sciences.

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Mohammad Ali Sahraian (34)

Sharareh Eskandarieh (23)

Style	Citing Format
MLA	Mortazavi SH, et al.. "Waterpipe and Cigarette Smoking and Drug and Alcohol Consumption, and the Risk of Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: A Population-Based Case-Control Study." Current Journal of Neurology, vol. 22, no. 2, 2023, pp. 72-81.
APA	Mortazavi SH, Naser Moghadasi A, Almasihashiani A, Sahraian MA, Goudarzi H, Eskandarieh S (2023). Waterpipe and Cigarette Smoking and Drug and Alcohol Consumption, and the Risk of Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: A Population-Based Case-Control Study. Current Journal of Neurology, 22(2), 72-81.
Chicago	Mortazavi SH, Naser Moghadasi A, Almasihashiani A, Sahraian MA, Goudarzi H, Eskandarieh S. "Waterpipe and Cigarette Smoking and Drug and Alcohol Consumption, and the Risk of Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: A Population-Based Case-Control Study." Current Journal of Neurology 22, no. 2 (2023): 72-81.
Harvard	Mortazavi SH et al. (2023) 'Waterpipe and Cigarette Smoking and Drug and Alcohol Consumption, and the Risk of Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: A Population-Based Case-Control Study', Current Journal of Neurology, 22(2), pp. 72-81.
Vancouver	Mortazavi SH, Naser Moghadasi A, Almasihashiani A, Sahraian MA, Goudarzi H, Eskandarieh S. Waterpipe and Cigarette Smoking and Drug and Alcohol Consumption, and the Risk of Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: A Population-Based Case-Control Study. Current Journal of Neurology. 2023;22(2):72-81.
BibTex	@article{ author = {Mortazavi SH and Naser Moghadasi A and Almasihashiani A and Sahraian MA and Goudarzi H and Eskandarieh S}, title = {Waterpipe and Cigarette Smoking and Drug and Alcohol Consumption, and the Risk of Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: A Population-Based Case-Control Study}, journal = {Current Journal of Neurology}, volume = {22}, number = {2}, pages = {72-81}, year = {2023} }
RIS	TY - JOUR AU - Mortazavi SH AU - Naser Moghadasi A AU - Almasihashiani A AU - Sahraian MA AU - Goudarzi H AU - Eskandarieh S TI - Waterpipe and Cigarette Smoking and Drug and Alcohol Consumption, and the Risk of Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: A Population-Based Case-Control Study JO - Current Journal of Neurology VL - 22 IS - 2 SP - 72 EP - 81 PY - 2023 ER -

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