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Lactational Exposure of Human Infants to Metal (Loid)S: A Comparison of Industrial and Urban Inhabitants in North of the Persian Gulf Publisher Pubmed



Amiri L1 ; Khalili Doroodzani A2 ; Ostovar A3 ; Dobaradaran S1, 2 ; Mohammadi A2 ; Nabipour I4 ; Raeisi A5 ; Malekizadeh H6 ; Farhadi A7 ; Saeedi R8, 9 ; Afrashteh S10 ; Nazmara S11 ; Keshtkar M2, 12
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
  2. 2. Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
  3. 3. Osteoporosis Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  4. 4. The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, the Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
  5. 5. Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
  6. 6. School of MedicineÙ« Bushehr, University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
  7. 7. The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
  8. 8. Workplace Health Promotion Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  9. 9. Department of Health, Safety and Environment, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  10. 10. Clinical Research Development Center, The Persian Gulf Martyrs Hospital, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
  11. 11. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  12. 12. Student Research Committee, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran

Source: Biological Trace Element Research Published:2024


Abstract

In this study, postnatal metal (loid)s (MLs) exposure was compared between the petrochemical and gas area of Asaluyeh (PGA) and urban area of Kaki (UA) in Bushehr province, Iran. Two hundred human breast milk (BM) samples from the industrial and urban areas were analyzed for MLs using Inductivity Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). Boron (B), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), and nickel (Ni) were found at the highest levels in both study areas. Adjusted multiple linear regression models revealed that the mean concentration of total MLs in BM samples collected from the PGA was statistically significantly greater than that of the UA (655.85 vs. 338.17 µg/L). Also, the mean concentrations of all detected MLs in BM samples collected from the PGA were statistically significantly higher than those collected from the UA. The hazard index (HI) of combined MLs in the PGA and UA illustrated non-cancer risk for infants. Lead (Pb) and chromium (Cr) in the PGA and Cr in the UA showed the risk of cancer. So it can be concluded that nursing infants from an industrial area are most at risk for MLs exposure during entire lactation course than those from an urban area. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2023.
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