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Lactational Exposure of Human Infants to Metal (Loid)S: A Comparison of Industrial and Urban Inhabitants in North of the Persian Gulf Publisher Pubmed



Amiri L1 ; Khalili Doroodzani A2 ; Ostovar A3 ; Dobaradaran S1, 2 ; Mohammadi A2 ; Nabipour I4 ; Raeisi A5 ; Malekizadeh H6 ; Farhadi A7 ; Saeedi R8, 9 ; Afrashteh S10 ; Nazmara S11 ; Keshtkar M2, 12
Authors

Source: Biological Trace Element Research Published:2024


Abstract

In this study, postnatal metal (loid)s (MLs) exposure was compared between the petrochemical and gas area of Asaluyeh (PGA) and urban area of Kaki (UA) in Bushehr province, Iran. Two hundred human breast milk (BM) samples from the industrial and urban areas were analyzed for MLs using Inductivity Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). Boron (B), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), and nickel (Ni) were found at the highest levels in both study areas. Adjusted multiple linear regression models revealed that the mean concentration of total MLs in BM samples collected from the PGA was statistically significantly greater than that of the UA (655.85 vs. 338.17 µg/L). Also, the mean concentrations of all detected MLs in BM samples collected from the PGA were statistically significantly higher than those collected from the UA. The hazard index (HI) of combined MLs in the PGA and UA illustrated non-cancer risk for infants. Lead (Pb) and chromium (Cr) in the PGA and Cr in the UA showed the risk of cancer. So it can be concluded that nursing infants from an industrial area are most at risk for MLs exposure during entire lactation course than those from an urban area. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2023.
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