Clinical and Translational Imaging and Sensing of Diabetic Microangiopathy: A Narrative Review Publisher



Fasoula NA^{1, 2} ; Xie Y^{1, 2} ; Katsouli N^{1, 2} ; Reidl M^{1, 2} ; Kallmayer MA³ ; Eckstein HH³ ; Ntziachristos V^{1, 2, 4} ; Hadjileontiadis L^{5, 6} ; Avgerinos DV⁷ ; Briasoulis A⁸ ; Siasos G⁹ ; Hosseini K¹⁰ ; Doulamis I¹¹ ; Kampaktsis PN¹² Show All Authors Show Affiliations
Source: Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease Published:2023

Abstract

Microvascular changes in diabetes affect the function of several critical organs, such as the kidneys, heart, brain, eye, and skin, among others. The possibility of detecting such changes early enough in order to take appropriate actions renders the development of appropriate tools and techniques an imperative need. To this end, several sensing and imaging techniques have been developed or employed in the assessment of microangiopathy in patients with diabetes. Herein, we present such techniques; we provide insights into their principles of operation while discussing the characteristics that make them appropriate for such use. Finally, apart from already established techniques, we present novel ones with great translational potential, such as optoacoustic technologies, which are expected to enter clinical practice in the foreseeable future. © 2023 by the authors.