Hormesis Publisher



Noruzi M^{1, 2} ; Sharifzadeh M^{1, 2} ; Abdollahi M^{1, 2}
Source: Encyclopedia of Toxicology# Fourth Edition: Volume 1-9 Published:2023

Abstract

A hormesis is a biphasic dose-response phenomenon wherein the stimulatory/inhibitory properties found at low levels are overturned at increasing levels. Hormetic responses have been documented across various research systems and areas. This article discusses the general aspects of hormesis, the hormetic dose-response pattern features, and how this profile differs from typical dose-response relationships. Hormetic effects resulting from chemical and radiation contact, as well as lifestyle alterations, are also examined. Overshooting feedback to overcompensate for disruption in homeostasis, increasing antioxidant defenses, inducing selective apoptosis, improving immunological responses, and enhancing gap junction intercellular communication are potential hormetic mechanisms. © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.