Immune Cell Hacking: Challenges and Clinical Approaches to Create Smarter Generations of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells

Immune Cell Hacking: Challenges and Clinical Approaches to Create Smarter Generations of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells Publisher Pubmed

Elahi R¹ ; Khosh E¹ ; Tahmasebi S² ; Esmaeilzadeh A^{3, 4}

Show Affiliations

1. School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
2. Department of Immunology, Health Faculty, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
3. Department of Immunology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
4. Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center (CGRC), Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran

Source: Frontiers in Immunology Published:2018

Abstract

T cells equipped with chimeric antigen receptors (CAR T cells) have recently provided promising advances as a novel immunotherapeutic approach for cancer treatment. CAR T cell therapy has shown stunning results especially in B-cell malignancies; however, it has shown less success against solid tumors, which is more supposed to be related to the specific characteristics of the tumor microenvironment. In this review, we discuss the structure of the CAR, current clinical advantages from finished and ongoing trials, adverse effects, challenges and controversies, new engineering methods of CAR, and clinical considerations that are associated with CAR T cell therapy both in hematological malignancies and solid tumors. Also, we provide a comprehensive description of recently introduced modifications for designing smarter models of CAR T cells. Specific hurdles and problems that limit the optimal function of CAR T cells, especially on solid tumors, and possible solutions according to new modifications and generations of CAR T cells have been introduced here. We also provide information of the future directions on how to enhance engineering the next smarter generations of CAR T cells in order to decrease the adverse effects and increase the potency and efficacy of CAR T cells against cancer. © Copyright © 2018 Elahi, Khosh, Tahmasebi and Esmaeilzadeh.

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Style	Citing Format
MLA	Elahi R, et al.. "Immune Cell Hacking: Challenges and Clinical Approaches to Create Smarter Generations of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells." Frontiers in Immunology, vol. 9, no. , 2018, pp. -.
APA	Elahi R, Khosh E, Tahmasebi S, Esmaeilzadeh A (2018). Immune Cell Hacking: Challenges and Clinical Approaches to Create Smarter Generations of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells. Frontiers in Immunology, 9(), -.
Chicago	Elahi R, Khosh E, Tahmasebi S, Esmaeilzadeh A. "Immune Cell Hacking: Challenges and Clinical Approaches to Create Smarter Generations of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells." Frontiers in Immunology 9, no. (2018): -.
Harvard	Elahi R et al. (2018) 'Immune Cell Hacking: Challenges and Clinical Approaches to Create Smarter Generations of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells', Frontiers in Immunology, 9(), pp. -.
Vancouver	Elahi R, Khosh E, Tahmasebi S, Esmaeilzadeh A. Immune Cell Hacking: Challenges and Clinical Approaches to Create Smarter Generations of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells. Frontiers in Immunology. 2018;9():-.
BibTex	@article{ author = {Elahi R and Khosh E and Tahmasebi S and Esmaeilzadeh A}, title = {Immune Cell Hacking: Challenges and Clinical Approaches to Create Smarter Generations of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells}, journal = {Frontiers in Immunology}, volume = {9}, number = {}, pages = {-}, year = {2018} }
RIS	TY - JOUR AU - Elahi R AU - Khosh E AU - Tahmasebi S AU - Esmaeilzadeh A TI - Immune Cell Hacking: Challenges and Clinical Approaches to Create Smarter Generations of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells JO - Frontiers in Immunology VL - 9 IS - SP - EP - PY - 2018 ER -

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