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Characterizing People Who Inject Drugs With No History of Opioid Agonist Therapy Uptake in Iran: Results From a National Bio-Behavioural Surveillance Survey in 2020 Publisher



Mehrabi F1 ; Mehmandoost S1 ; Mirzazadeh A2 ; Noroozi A3 ; Tavakoli F1 ; Mirzaei H1 ; Khezri M1 ; Mousavian G1 ; Ghalekhani N1 ; Afsar Kazerooni P4 ; Navaiian F5 ; Farajzadeh Z6 ; Shokoohi M1 ; Sharifi H1 Show All Authors
Authors
  1. Mehrabi F1
  2. Mehmandoost S1
  3. Mirzazadeh A2
  4. Noroozi A3
  5. Tavakoli F1
  6. Mirzaei H1
  7. Khezri M1
  8. Mousavian G1
  9. Ghalekhani N1
  10. Afsar Kazerooni P4
  11. Navaiian F5
  12. Farajzadeh Z6
  13. Shokoohi M1
  14. Sharifi H1
  15. Karamouzian M1, 7, 8
Show Affiliations
Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
  3. 3. Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  4. 4. Shiraz HIV/AIDS Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
  5. 5. Department of Control of Disease, Deputy of Health, Shahid Beheshti Medical University, Tehran, Iran
  6. 6. Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
  7. 7. Centre On Drug Policy Evaluation, Saint Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
  8. 8. Brown School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States

Source: International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction Published:2022


Abstract

Injection drug use is the primary driver of the HIV epidemic in Iran. We characterized people who inject drugs (PWID) living in Iran who had never received opioid agonist therapy (OAT) and examined barriers to OAT uptake. We recruited 2684 PWID with a history of drug injection in the previous 12 months using a respondent-driven sampling approach from 11 geographically dispersed cities in Iran. The primary outcome was no lifetime uptake history of OAT medications. The lifetime prevalence of no history of OAT uptake among PWID was 31.3%, with significant heterogeneities across different cities. In the multivariable analysis, younger age, high school education or above, no prior incarceration history, and shorter length of injecting career were significantly and positively associated with no history of OAT uptake. Individual-level barriers, financial barriers, and system-level barriers were the main barriers to receiving OAT. PWID continue to face preventable barriers to accessing OAT, which calls for revisiting the OAT provision in Iran. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
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