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Towards Engineering Mitigation of Leaching of Cd and Pb in Co-Contaminated Soils Using Metal Oxide-Based Aerogel Composites and Biochar Publisher Pubmed



Sanaei D1 ; Sarmadi M2, 3 ; Dehghani MH4, 5 ; Sharifan H6 ; Ribeiro PG7 ; Guilherme LRG8 ; Rahimi S2, 3
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Faculty of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
  3. 3. Health Sciences Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
  4. 4. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
  5. 5. Institute for Environmental Research, Center for Solid Waste Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  6. 6. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, TX, United States
  7. 7. Instituto Tecnologico Vale, Boaventura da Silva 955, PA 66055090, Belem, Brazil
  8. 8. School of Agricultural Science, Federal University of Lavras, MG, Lavras, Brazil

Source: Environmental Science: Processes and Impacts Published:2023


Abstract

Applications of metal-based nanomaterials for the remediation of heavy metal (HM) contaminated environments are of great importance. The ability of metal oxide-based carbon aerogel composite to immobilize HMs in multi-metal contaminated soils has not yet been investigated, particularly under acidic conditions. Herein, we investigate the performance of metal oxides (Sr0.7 Mn0.3 Co0.5 Fe0.5O3−δ)-based carbon aerogel composite (MO-CAg) compared with coconut coil fiber biochar (CCFB) and carbon aerogel (CAg) for Cd and Pb immobilization in contaminated soil. The MO-CAg, applied at 2% (w/w), significantly decreased Pb leaching by 67-75% and Cd by 60-65%, CAg decreased Cd by 54% and Pb by 46%, while biochar decreased Cd by 40-44% and Pb by 43%. The addition of MO-CAg altered Cd and Pb geochemical fractions by increasing their residual fraction, i.e., stabilized both metals compared to the control. This presents a comprehensive elaboration on the probable reaction interactions between the MO-Cag and heavy metals, including a combination of (co)precipitation, and reduction-oxidation as the predominant mechanisms of metal stabilization with MO-CAg. Moreover, MO-CAg increased Pb and Cd stabilization in soils by strengthening the bonding between metal oxides and Cd/Pb. By imbedding MO into the CAg, in MO-CAg, the immobilization of Cd(ii) and Pb(ii) occurred through inner-sphere complexation, while with CCFB and CAg metals, immobilization occurred through outer-sphere complexation. MO-CAg is a promising and highly efficient material that could be recommended for the remediation of Cd- and Pb-contaminated soils in subsequent studies. © 2023 The Royal Society of Chemistry.