Synthesis Methods for Liposomes and Their Scaling up for Practical Production

Synthesis Methods for Liposomes and Their Scaling up for Practical Production Publisher

Morad H ; Negarandeh R ; Rostamnezhad M ; Moein N

Source: Fundamentals and Therapeutic Applications of Liposomes Published:2025

Abstract

Liposomes are double layered phospholipids with similar structure of cellular membranes, which could be utilized for delivery of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs. This chapter completely discusses the conventional and advanced synthesis techniques of liposomes. The journey of methods evolution from well known ones like thin-film hydration to advanced methods such as proliposomal for stability improvement, microfluidic hydrodynamic for monodisperse size control, and supercritical fluid techniques for non solvent production has been comprehensively explained. The scale up challenges resolved by novel innovations, including dual asymmetric centrifugation, gel assisted hydration, and continuous production. The important factors like equipment optimization, quality control of characteristics such as size, entrapment efficiency, stability, and regulatory aspects must be considered during scaling up from lab to pilot and industrial scale. High yields and uniform industrial manufacturing are feasible as demonstrated by methods like ethanol injection for econazole liposomes and microfluidic production of protein loaded vesicles. The related challenges are also known with entrapment efficiency for hydrophilic agents, physical stability and financial aspects of industrial scale. Future prospects determine smart liposomes, bioengineered hybrids, and AI based automation for personalized medicine, oral peptide delivery, and improved applications in cosmetics, vaccines, and nanomedicine. © 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Style	Citing Format
MLA	Morad H, et al.. "Synthesis Methods for Liposomes and Their Scaling up for Practical Production." Fundamentals and Therapeutic Applications of Liposomes, vol. , no. , 2025, pp. 31-83.
APA	Morad H, Negarandeh R, Rostamnezhad M, Moein N (2025). Synthesis Methods for Liposomes and Their Scaling up for Practical Production. Fundamentals and Therapeutic Applications of Liposomes, (), 31-83.
Chicago	Morad H, Negarandeh R, Rostamnezhad M, Moein N. "Synthesis Methods for Liposomes and Their Scaling up for Practical Production." Fundamentals and Therapeutic Applications of Liposomes , no. (2025): 31-83.
Harvard	Morad H et al. (2025) 'Synthesis Methods for Liposomes and Their Scaling up for Practical Production', Fundamentals and Therapeutic Applications of Liposomes, (), pp. 31-83.
Vancouver	Morad H, Negarandeh R, Rostamnezhad M, Moein N. Synthesis Methods for Liposomes and Their Scaling up for Practical Production. Fundamentals and Therapeutic Applications of Liposomes. 2025;():31-83.
BibTex	@article{ author = {Morad H and Negarandeh R and Rostamnezhad M and Moein N}, title = {Synthesis Methods for Liposomes and Their Scaling up for Practical Production}, journal = {Fundamentals and Therapeutic Applications of Liposomes}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {31-83}, year = {2025} }
RIS	TY - JOUR AU - Morad H AU - Negarandeh R AU - Rostamnezhad M AU - Moein N TI - Synthesis Methods for Liposomes and Their Scaling up for Practical Production JO - Fundamentals and Therapeutic Applications of Liposomes VL - IS - SP - 31 EP - 83 PY - 2025 ER -

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