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Investigating the Association Between Major Dietary Patterns and Disease Outcomes in Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Patients With Covid-19: A Cross-Sectional Study Publisher



Amrollahi A1 ; Hariri Z2 ; Sabaghian T3 ; Kalbasi S4 ; Nikpayam O5 ; Sohrab G1
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Department of Adult Nephrology, School of Medicine, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  4. 4. Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  5. 5. Department of Nutrition, School of Health, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran

Source: Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders Published:2025


Abstract

Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic is one of the important challenges for health systems in various societies which results in high mortality. The present study aimed to investigate the association between the severity of COVID-19 and dietary patterns in diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Methods: A total of 218 subjects (108 patients in the diabetic group and 110 participants in the non-diabetic group) participated in the present cross-sectional study. Demographic data, COVID-19 outcomes, and biochemical variables were gathered based on the medical records in the hospital. The dietary intake of participants was assessed using a 168-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). A multivariate regression test was carried out to determine the association between dietary patterns and severity of COVID-19. All of the statistical analyses were conducted by SPSS version 21. Results: We determined three major dietary patterns including Healthy, Unhealthy, and Traditional dietary patterns in the current study. Statistical analysis indicated that there was a significant inverse association between Healthy dietary pattern and the severity of disease in the diabetic group (OR:0.75, 95%CI:0.62–0.89), while adherence to an Unhealthy dietary pattern increased the severity of COVID-19 in diabetic (OR:1.94, 95%CI:1.56–2.63), and non-diabetic (OR:1.92, 95%CI:1.27–3.54), groups. In addition, there was an indirect significant association between length of hospitalization and Healthy dietary pattern (Beta: -0.253, P: 0.008). However, statistical analysis didn’t demonstrate a substantial relationship between dietary patterns and inflammatory variables. Conclusion: According to the findings of the current study higher adherence to a Healthy dietary pattern had beneficial effects on the severity of COVID-19, but Unhealthy dietary patterns exacerbate the situation of patients infected with coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Tehran University of Medical Sciences 2025.
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