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Upgrading Combined Anaerobic-Aerobic Uasb-Fpu to Uasb-Dhs System: Cost Comparison and Performance Perspective for Developing Countries Publisher



Mazhar MA1 ; Khan NA1 ; Khan AH2 ; Ahmed S1 ; Siddiqui AA3 ; Husain A1 ; Tirth V5 ; Islam S6 ; Shukla NK7 ; Changani F8 ; Yousefi M9 ; Hassaballa AE2 ; Radwan N10, 11
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Civil Engineering, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
  2. 2. Department of Civil Engineering, Jazan University, 114 Jazan, Saudi Arabia
  3. 3. Department of Civil Engineering, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
  4. 4. Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
  5. 5. Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, 61411, Saudi Arabia
  6. 6. Department of Geotechnics & Transportation, School of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, 81310, Malaysia
  7. 7. Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, 61411, Asir, Saudi Arabia
  8. 8. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  9. 9. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  10. 10. Faculty of Economics & Administration, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
  11. 11. Mechanical Department, Faculty of Engineering, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt

Source: Journal of Cleaner Production Published:2021


Abstract

This study determined the performance of upgraded sewage treatment plant (STP) based on an anaerobic-aerobic system consisting Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) reactor, Final Polishing Unit (FPU) and Down-flow Hanging Sponge (DHS) system, treating municipal wastewater located at Dhandhupura, Agra, Uttar Pradesh (India). The performance evaluation of STP were based on the removal efficiency of parameters like Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Suspended Solids (TSS) and Volatile Suspended Solids (VSS). The results exhibits improved BOD, COD, TSS and VSS removal efficiency for UASB-DHS system (92.01%, 82.26%, 91.02%, 92.88%) as compared to UASB-FPU (81.67%, 74.35%, 83.72%, 83.41%) respectively. In addition, this study compares the UASB-DHS system with other post-treatment methods based on their treatment cost and removal efficiency. The technology ranking analysis showed that the UASB-DHS system scored the highest desirability value of 6.77 followed by MBR and ASP technology having a score of 5.17 and 5.11 respectively. The results demonstrated that the UASB-DHS system outperformed the existing UASB-FPU system and met the Indian standards for effluent discharge i.e. BOD less than 30 mg/l. Therefore, the treated sewage can be considered for cultivation, irrigation purpose and safely discharged into water bodies. Moreover, the cost analysis indicates that the UASB-DHS system requires less energy in operation, low expenses in sludge handling and comparatively small area required for post-treatment operation. Hence, this work proposed an economical and efficient approach for the treatment of municipal wastewater particularly for developing countries. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd
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