Aflatoxin B1 Measurement in Traditional Kermanshah Cookies and Risk Assessment in Dietary Exposure Publisher



Z Jafarbeigi ZAHRA ; E Sadeghi EHSAN ; K Abdolmaleki KHADIJE ; M Soltani MAHYA ; S Dousti SOMAYEH ; S Mir S ; N Fatahi NAZIR ; M Rezvani Ghalhari MOHAMMAD ; M Moradinazar MEHDI
Source: Journal of Food Quality and Hazards Control Published:2025

Abstract

Background: Aflatoxins (AFs), especially the B1 subtype, present a significant threat to public health. Chronic exposure to AFB1 has been associated with the development of serious diseases, such as cancer. Therefore, detecting and controlling its presence in food is crucial for preventing long-term health issues. Methods: In the present study, we collected 40 samples of four types of traditional Kermanshahi cookies from a local market at random intervals throughout 2023 (Nanbernji, Kak, Nankhormaii, and Nanroghani). These samples were examined for AFB1 contamination using High Performance Liquid Chromatography. The risk of exposure to this toxin was then calculated by utilizing a Food Frequency Questionnaire and various parameters (Estimation Daily Intake, Lifetime Average Daily Dose, Margin of Exposure, excess individual lifetime risk of cancer) were calculated using Crystal Ball software. Statistical analysis was conducted using a completely randomized design with three replications. Results: The concentration of AFB1 in Nanbernji, Kak, Nanroghani, and Nankhormaii (traditional Kermanshah cookies) was 3.12, 2.99, 1.64, and 3.95 µg/kg, respectively. The AFB1 contamination levels in Kermanshah’s traditional cookies exceeded the European Union’s limit of two ng/g. The Margin of Exposure for all cookie samples in both adult and teenage age groups was higher than 10,000 except for Nanroghani consumption in individuals under 18 years old. Based on health evaluation results, all age groups in Kermanshah were found to be at risk of cancer. Conclusion: Considering the consumption of these traditional sweets by individuals and the risk of cancer in the study population, competent authorities must adopt a supervisory approach and develop a documented national program. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.