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Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy As the First Manifestation of Aids: A Rare Case Report Publisher



Hakamifard A1 ; Shayganfar A2 ; Khorvash F3 ; Shaygannejad V4 ; Tayeri K5 ; Khorzoughi AT6
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Radiology, Alzahra Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  3. 3. Acquired Immunodeficiency Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  4. 4. Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Alzahra Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  5. 5. Iranian Research Center of HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  6. 6. Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

Source: Archives of Clinical Infectious Diseases Published:2020


Abstract

Introduction: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) caused by the JC virus (JCV). Case Presentation: A 47-year-old woman with no history of any underlying diseases was hospitalized at our center with a loss of consciousness and aphasia. The investigation of the patient’s history revealed that she had been hospitalized in another hospital a month earlier due to right hemiparesis and dysarthria. Brain imaging was repeated that revealed demyelinating lesions. The laboratory studies showed a positive human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) serology. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for JCV turned out positive and the diagnosis of PML was established. Conclusions: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy should always be considered as an important differential diagnosis in patients with demyelinating brain lesions and HIV testing should be considered in these patients, as well. © 2020, Archives of Clinical Infectious Diseases.